The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz :: The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz   Duddys obsession with destroy lies within his grandfather, Simcha. When Duddy was small, he spoke those unforgettable words to him, "A man without land is nobody."   When it seemed as if nobody cared or respected him, Simcha did. Duddy did not receive the same kind of love from his father or uncle as Lennie did. When Duddy comes back from work at, he asks, " wherefore Max didnt answer any of his letters?" He replies he wasnt "one for letters."   "But Duddy remembered that when Lennie had worked as a camp counsellor one summer his father had create verbally every week. He had driven out to visit him twice."(pp. 104 & 105)   Duddy did not have the same kind of affection and devotion Lennie and Max shared. The same point came from his uncle, Benjy. At first sight, Benjy described him as having a "thin crafty face, the quick black eyes and the restlessness_the grain so shrewd and knowing, all make a bad impression on Uncle Benjy." (p. 61) Benjy supported Lennie, giving him money for his education. With the exception of Simcha, he had no other parental support which is the reason wherefore Simcha words had such a great effect on him.   Duddy gains what he had wanted in its acquisition, respect. Everyone except Simcha, Mr. MacPherson, and Uncle Benjy thought he was going to be a nobody. He wanted so much to prove them wrong and he has. We may say he has gained self assurance, restating the fact he was a person important. Since his days at Fletchers Field High School, he ran a gang based on respect, not friendship. Things do not change when he becomes an adult. Virgil is alone one of the people Duddy uses to get money for his land. He feels no grief for hurting his so called friends because he has never experienced true friendship. His purchasing of land would push him into higher step in society. What he gains is nothing compared to what he loses.   Duddy has lost his innocence. No longer is he the pure and nave

Could Schizophrenia Be The Answer To The Mysterious Vampire Legend :: essays research papers fc

Could Schizophrenia be the Answer to theMysterious Vampire Legend?The vampire legend and many behaviors and experiences of schizophrenics seem to share many common traits. The traits that are most recognizable are "fears of being enclosed, periods of semistarvation or complete starvation, which can be associated with periodic gorging, reversal of the day-night cycle, and a preoccupation with or dread of mirrors" (Kayton 304). Though the term schizophrenia or demence precoce was only introduced in 1852 (Boyle 43), behaviors of people affected by this affection have been documented much earlier.The concept of a dead person returning in his life history physical form and feeding on the living is considered a vampire. The vampire is opined to also be capable of transmitting his vampirism to those he infect or bite. Kayton recognizes that though this belief has been found in early literature of the Babylonians, Semites, and Egyptians, the most famous vampire scare swept Europe in 1730. This vampire epidemic lasted approximately five years (305).The legend consistency continues with callow and young adult schizophrenia. It is presented to us that young suicide victims were most likely believed to become vampires and attack members of their families (Kayton 304-05). suicide was not an uncommon event among schizophrenic patients (Boyle 255). Suicide patients are a very important part of this equation because according to the legend in England suicides were buried with a stake pierced in or near the heart. This was to ensure that that the ghost of the person would not come back and haunt the living, to prevent the suicide victim from becoming a vampire (Kayton 305). In Dracula, Lucy was killed after she had already started to haunt the living. She was killed after with a stake driven through her heart as a "duty to others" and to the dead, so that she may authentically be "passed away", as "Gods true dead" (266, 277-279). Some docu mented cases of vampirism indicate that sometimes the psychodynamics of vampires can erupt into materialized behavioral psychopathology (Kayton 304). For example, Vincenz Verzeni an Italian in 1872, a Frenchman named Leger in 1827, and a German Fritz Haarman demonstrate to the rare appearance of clinical vampirism (Kayton 306). Haarman himself killed approximately 24 adolescent males. This is interesting since many believe that vampires only attack those of the opposite sex. Even Bram Stokers Dracula disproves this belief when the Count (Dracula) informs the three vampire women that Jonathan belongs to him (55).

Free Narrative Essays - Transcendentalism :: Example Personal Narratives

Transcendentalism   A whole month of being nice. From the start, I didnt think it was even humanly possible. Although I always try my hardest to be pleasant, Im sarcastically witty by nature. This project, no matter how inspirational and uplifting it could be, would decidedly be no walk in the park. Nevertheless, I decided to persevere. Even if I ended up being a complete Transcendental failure, maybe Id still learn something along the way.   On the first day, I went for roughly twenty minutes in advance cracking a joke at my crush friend. It wasnt anything out of the ordinary for me, but I actually stopped and thought about the possible consequences of my actions. Breakthrough I went for another twenty minutes, most likely, before making some sort of snide comment, though. Oops.   In the month of Transcendentalism, I kept a journal. I made a Transcendentalism fact canvas tent and thumbtacked it to my wall. I may not have tried my hardest every day, bu t I made an honest attempt. Overall, in a whole month, I may not have been completely successful in becoming Transcendental. Depending on whom you ask, I may not have even made much age in becoming even remotely Transcendental. In my opinion, though, I think it worked.   Why? you ask. Because, in the course of this project, I learned a lot about myself, my friends, and the way actions affect everyone around me. Through this project, I realized the importance of accepting other people for who they are, of letting go of anger, of trusting your own decisions, and of winning the initiative to potpourri your life. In fact, there was only one tenet of Transcendentalism - defying predestination by leading fate instead of being light-emitting diode by it - that I had a hard time believing, I think I gained a better understanding of why that thought is so alpha in life.   I doubt that I was any more than fifty percent successful in becoming truly Transcendental, but a change for the positive is an improvement from before. Ive recognized the importance in the little blessings in life. Having a loving family, a roof over my head, and living in an overall supportive environment are things that I would not necessarily have taken the time to appreciate and be thankful for before.

Latino Assimilation Essay -- Culture

Immigration has always been an issue in the United States, which is often portrayed as painful and as major threat to American culture. As a result, various anti immigration policies have been aimed against immigrants in order to prevent and preserve the cross of American culture, such as English only policies. Among the largest minority groups in the U.S, are Latinos who currently compose of 15% of the U.S population (Delgado and Stefancic 3). Unfortunately, Latinos have been accused of pickings American benefits, jobs, and have wrongfully been depicted as a result of not assimilating to American culture. Latinos are often accused of resisting assimilation, but what has failed to be acknowledged is that there are obstacles set in place that are preventing Latinos from completely assimilating. Among those greatest obstacles there is discrimination. Institutional as well as undivided discrimination have prevented many Latinos from feeling a sense of belonging. As a result Latinos have been reluctant to assimilate. Another major component is proximity. legion(predicate) Latinos are native to nearby countries, which allows for easy communication with family members as well as their culture. Moreover, it also allows for a constant influx of immigrants that replenish and preserve Latino cultures and traditions in the U.S. Lastly, Latino movements are working diligently to promote unity among communities for the purpose of creating a sense of identity and pride amongst Latinos, such as the Chicano movement. In comparison to other migrating groups, Latinos have had different experiences that have prevented them from completely assimilating into American society. Throughout our history and presently, Latinos continue to face acts of cruelty... ... English 583.Delgado, Richard and Stefancic denim. The Shape of the Latino Group Who Are We and What Are We Talking About Anyway. Richard and Jean 3.Feagin, Joe R. The First U.S Latinos White Wealth and Mexican Labor. R ichard and Jean 67. Hartley, George. I Am Joaquin Rodolfo Corky Gonzales and the ex post facto Construction of Chicanismo. Richard and Jean 241-242. Johnson, Kevin R. No Poor Need Apply. Richard and Jean 98-100. Lopez, Ian F, Haney. Legal Violence and the Chicano Movement. Richard and Jean 308-309.Mendoza, Gustavo Chacon. Gateway to Whiteness The Census and Hispanic/Latino Identity. Richard and Jean 49. Perea, Juan F. Buscando America Why Integration and Equal Protection Fail to ProtectLatinos. Richard and Jean 601-602.Waters, Mary. Assimilation and Demographic Replenishment. Richard and Jean 409-410.

Cell Membrane/ Electron Transport Chain / Biochemical Pathway :: essays research papers

1. The cadre tissue layer structure is vital to the life of the cell. The cell membrane is shaped as having a orthophosphate head at the very outer surface, and two fatty acid tails hanging from it. The membrane is double, so at the crumble of the fatty acid tails, there are two more fatty acid tails attached to another phosphate head. This is what it looks like The reason the cell membrane is shaped like this is mainly to control the water flow in and out of the cell. Water is very important to the cell if too more water enters the cell, the cell will explode, and if too much water leaves the cell, the cell will shrivel up and die. This is how the cell membrane controls water flow the phosphate heads are polar, and slightly attr human activity water. However, the fatty acid tails in between are non polar, and repel water, so the fatty acid tails baffle too much water from entering or leaving the cell. With this tough membrane, there has to be a way for things to enter the cel l. This is where the channel proteins come in. They act as gateways to the cell. There are many ways to enter the cell. Some ways require energy, while others dont. The ways that require energy are put into a category called active transport, while the ways that dont require energy are put into a category called hands-off transport. An example of active transport is the proton pump. The proton pump is an integral part of chemiosmosis, and it pumps protons from an line of business of low concentration to an part of high concentration. This requires energy since things like to move from an scene of action of high concentration to an area of low concentration. An example of passive transport is facilitated diffusion. This is very easy since the particle is moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and through a channel protein made exactly for its size and shape.2. These membranes are very important to the electron transport chain. This is because th ey house the membrane proteins that make up the electron transport chain. The two electron transport chains are similar in that they both make ATP by chemiosmosis, and they are different in the fact that they pump protons in different directions the electron transport chain in the thylakoid layer pumps protons in the cell (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration) then the protons are forced out through the ATP synthetase channel.

Cell Membrane/ Electron Transport Chain / Biochemical Pathway :: essays research papers

1. The cell membrane structure is vital to the life of the cell. The cell membrane is shaped as having a phosphate head at the very outer surface, and two sebaceous acid tails hanging from it. The membrane is double, so at the tip of the fatty acid tails, there are two more fatty acid tails attached to another phosphate head. This is what it looks like The reason the cell membrane is shaped like this is chiefly to control the water f down in the mouth in and out of the cell. Water is very important to the cell if in like manner much water enters the cell, the cell will explode, and if too much water leaves the cell, the cell will shrivel up and die. This is how the cell membrane controls water flow the phosphate heads are polar, and slightly attract water. However, the fatty acid tails in between are non polar, and repel water, so the fatty acid tails prevent too much water from entree or leaving the cell. With this tough membrane, there has to be a way for things to enter the cell. This is where the channel proteins come in. They act as gateways to the cell. There are many ways to enter the cell. Some ways require energy, while others dont. The ways that require energy are put into a category called brisk jinx, while the ways that dont require energy are put into a category called passive transport. An example of active transport is the proton warmness. The proton pump is an integral part of chemiosmosis, and it pumps protons from an area of low concentration to an area of highschool concentration. This requires energy since things like to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. An example of passive transport is facilitated diffusion. This is very easy since the particle is moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and through a channel protein made exactly for its size and shape.2. These membranes are very important to the electron transport chain. This is because they house the membr ane proteins that make up the electron transport chain. The two electron transport chains are similar in that they both make ATP by chemiosmosis, and they are different in the position that they pump protons in different directions the electron transport chain in the thylakoid layer pumps protons in the cell (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration) then the protons are forced out through the ATP synthetase channel.

Health of Children

Healthy minds Promoting ablaze wellness and benefit in coach days Con tennerts Executive summary1 Key findings4 Recommendations6The role of teachs in providing for pupils with psychological wellness difficulties7 Whole- school approaches to promoting good cordial wellness10 Recognising and providing for individual needs17 work in partnership with other agencies17 Relationships with parents24 Informal arrangements27 Provision through professional referral31 Notes34 Further data35 Publications35 Websites36 Executive summary This get across examines the vital role crooked by schools in promoting the frantic well-being of their pupils.It analyses practice found on curtilage gathered from visits by Her Majestys Inspectors (HMI) to 72 schools and reports on the impact of the guidance provided to schools four years ago by the Department of Education and Skills (DfES) and the topic Healthy Schools Standards (NHSS), agreed in 1999. 1,2 twain clarify the importa nce of good training to fancy that schools come to the needs of pupils with amiable health difficulties. Schools lack of knowledge of the DfES guidance results from a missed probability to improve the quality of provision for pupils with mental health difficulties.The large number of schools visited for this survey who were non functional towards joining the NHSS is of serious concern. provided just over half of them were certified that such(prenominal)(prenominal) standards existed. Of these, only a very sm tout ensemble minority of schools were working towards or had met the criteria for providing for pupils stimu freshd health and well-being. wizard barrier was the little level of awareness of the importance of the issue. It is unsurprising, therefore, that preparedness for round on mental health difficulties was found to be needed in three fourth parts of the schools.Most training tended to focus on strategies for managing pupils behaviour earlier than on prom oting positive approaches to relationships and resolving strifes. Despite such a lack of awareness in schools of mental health issues, there was good practice in iodine third of the schools in the survey, including an ethos which valued and respected individuals a serious approach to bullying and pupils difficulties with relationships, and swift resultant of problems good arrangements for earr to each one carefully to pupils views the involvement of parents in get wording problems and making provision for their barbarianren.Good voice working in the midst of health function, well-disposed run and schools was at the tinder of effective planning and provision for individual pupils. Although multi-agency working was becoming better baseed within topical anesthetic anaesthetic education regimen, it was unsatisfactory in a quarter of the schools. Schools, parents and pupils were not al shipway aware of how they might gain access to services. The best arrangements inc lude regular meetings attended by a range of professionals, where work was coordinated, referrals hold up and difficulties followed up.Health services, well-disposed services and schools usanced different terms to describe mental health difficulties. The lack of a frequent language added to difficulties in recognising and meeting pupils needs. Schools set intimately one in twenty pupils with mental health problems, although the Department of Health suggests a figure nearer one in ten. Arrangements for pupils to refer themselves for expect and help were popular with them, as well as effective. This was particularly so where a pupil was struggling emotionally but where the school had not notice changes in the pupils behaviour.Mentoring and incarnate from fellows was too very effective at providing a listening ear and opportunities for positive friendships. The report concludes that schools should make the furtherance of pupils emotional health and well-being a priority and ensure all staff are aware of the guidance available. Key findings were nearly all old or special schools and pupil referral units (PRUs). Secondary schools found it roughly difficult to make arrangements for multi-agency working a priority and they rarely took the lead in change this aspect of their work.The lack of putting green language between education, health and loving services professionals contributed to the difficulties in establishing good partnership working. Recommendations Local authorities and other agencies should ensure that services for pupils with mental health difficulties are co-ordinated effectively within their area and that access to services is clear to schools, parents, children, teenaged people and other service users commission, where appropriate, the services of voluntary organisations. Schools and other settings should use the DfES national guidance on mental health difficulties to develop clear procedures, that are kn induce and used by all st aff, for identifying and die harding pupils ensure that issues concerning mental health are tackled favoredly, either through the National Healthy School Standard (NHSS) programme or the PSHE curriculum establish arrangements for pr even offting bullying and promoting positive relationships and monitor their effectiveness work together to ensure that the DfES guidance is disseminated to all staff.The role of schools in providing for pupils with mental health difficulties 1. M some(prenominal) services play an classical role in promoting pupils emotional health and well-being, including health services, social services, voluntary organisations, early years provision and schools. How eer, the notion of mental health difficulties carried a considerable stigma for numerous pupils and their parents. This, together with the need to attend a clinic, maked difficulties for Child and Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in working with young people and their parents.A some pupils in the s urvey state that they did not wish to attend clinics for their appointments and did not want to be labelled as mentally ill. Schools, therefore, play an important role in supporting children and young people in this area. 2. Guidance provided by the DfES in 2001 aimed to help teachers and others, working alongside mental health professionals, to promote childrens mental health and to intervene effectively. 3 It provides a useful description of the nature of pupils with mental health difficulties and a thorough overview of the issues relating to joint working between health services, social ervices and education. It suggests helpful strategies for schools to use. Few schools, however, were aware of the guidance which should take in provided a good prospect to improve the quality of provision for pupils with mental health difficulties. 3. A survey referred to in the DfES guidance indicated that about 10% of pupils experience clinically defined mental health difficulties. The schools visited, however, identified only between 4% and 6% of pupils overall with some form of mental health difficulty, indicating some under-identification.This might go some way to explaining why schools struggle to govern the behaviour and attendance of some pupils, if they are not correctly identifying their difficulties and providing for them. 4. The 1999 Mental Health Foundation publication Bright futures defined children who are mentally anicteric as able to develop psychologically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually initiate, develop and sustain mutually satisfying personal relationships use and enjoy solitude become aware of others and empathise with them play and learn develop a sense of right and wrong resolve (face) problems and setbacks and learn from them. 4 5. Health services, social services and schools all use different terms to describe pupils and their conditions. There are more definitions of the term mental health difficulty ranging from the highly categorised, generally used by many health services, to those based on more descriptive terms which are prevalent in schools and other educational settings. 6. Mental health and mental health difficulties are more commonly used terms within health and social care.Schools and local authorities are increasingly using the term emotional health and well-being in relation to both the care they take of pupils and the curriculum they provide. 7. The lack of shared definitions and understanding of mental health problems, however, makes it difficult for schools to identify and discuss these pupils. In a gauzy proportion of primary schools, boys were pinpointed as more likely to exhibit mental health difficulties, but most schools report no pattern. Some collateral schools identified more girls who were depressed, self-harming or who had eating disorders.However, no real gender differences were apparent and boys and girls were equally likely to have mental health problems which were eviden t in school. Whole-school approaches to promoting good mental health 8. The best schools promoted good emotional health and well-being by valuing and respecting all individual. In the schools visited, those which body forth a value system that embraced all children identified fewer children with mental health problems. These schools promoted many and varied opportunities for pupils to share their thoughts and feelings.They used the curriculum to develop pupils listening skills and an understanding of other peoples points of view this culture permeated school life. Case study A primary school in a discriminate area had a caring and supportive ethos in which the personal development and emotional well-being of pupils was very effectively promoted. There was a strong tension on developing all pupils self-esteem and ensuring that they had the language and opportunities to express their feelings and emotional needs.The school council and staff were concerned that some pupils did not have friends to play with at break time. Very good initiatives, including Playground Buddies and a Friendship Area, were introduced in response to these concerns. The school worked very hard to build up and exercise supportive relationships with parents and guardians, who felt that the school was a very safe and caring place for the children. The whole staff, including teachers, teaching assistants, administrative staff, catering staff, the site manager and cleaning staff contributed to this whole-school thos. 9. Pupils interviewed for the survey identified a lack of friendships and bullying as reasons for emotional difficulties in school. In all the schools with good arrangements for promoting health and well-being, bullying was not tolerated at any level. Pupils were able to discuss any incidents where they felt bullied and matters were discussed sensitively and resolved speedily. In these schools the pupils specifically commented that they were happy at school because they coul d talk to an braggy if they had problems and know that action would be interpreted. 10.All schools taught a programme of personal, social and health education (PSHE). Nearly all primary and special schools discussed some elements of anger management, combat resolution, bullying and friendship difficulties through such programmes. The provision was always at least(prenominal) satisfactory, and was good in over half of all schools visited. 11. Very few of the schools, however, tackled mental health difficulties specifically. These were missed opportunities to promote pupils general emotional well-being, particularly so in thirdhand schools where there were generally fewer opportunities to explore such issues.Only a third of the secondary schools visited taught PSHE programmes which included topics such as bereavement, stress and bullying. 12. The Primary National Strategy has provided training and curriculum materials for schools which focus on the social and emotional aspects of learning. At the heart of the materials is the belief that positive behaviour requires an active, whole-school approach to developing childrens social, emotional and behavioural skills within a community that promotes the emotional well-being of all its members.A few of the schools visited were involved in the pilot stage of this work to very good effect. These schools were teaching pupils how to understand their give feelings and those of others, persevere when things became difficult, resolve conflict and manage worries. Staff found the training helpful and were in a good position to ensure their pupils learned how to take responsibility for their relationships and their learning. Following supremacyful piloting, the genial and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) curriculum imagination was made available to all primary schools in June 2005. 5Case study A Year 5 kinsperson explored what it felt like to join a new group. Pupils talked freely about their own experiences of joinin g clubs, moving to a new school and trying to make new friends. They used a good range of vocabulary to describe the feelings associated with newness and change, ranging from scared and excited to apprehensive and excluded. Groups then planned what they would put in a welcome pack for a newcomer to their school. They gave careful thought to the kinds of information that would be helpful and to the ways in which they, as individuals, could be supportive. 3. No kindred national programme was observed in secondary schools although one is currently being developed. Overall, secondary schools were less successful than primary and special schools at tackling issues of emotional health and well-being through whole-school initiatives. 14. In over half of the secondary schools visited, behaviour policies created stress or tensions for pupils. For example, in one school, exclusion was a common response to difficult behaviour as a result, the pupils felt under-valued.Schools made only very li mited efforts to provide a suitable curriculum to meet these pupils emotional and learning needs. In one learning support centre within a school, pupils were taught by unskilled staff in poor environs which contributed to their low self-esteem. In a PRU, Year 11 pupils involved in a transition programme jointly run with the youth offending team reported that they were sent home on study leave two months before their official leaving date, even though they were not taking any formal examinations. They felt unwanted and this has had a negative effect on their self esteem, behaviour and attendance. 5. A significant minority of the secondary schools found ways to promote emotional well-being through their behaviour policies. For example, one large secondary school was developing ways to ensure that older pupils remained engaged with their school, even though they were soon to leave. A group of Year 11 pupils received two days training to develop skills of listening and helping pupils t o find their own solutions to problems. The pupils subsequently provided a non-threatening opportunity for pupils who were experiencing difficulties to confide in someone and share their problems.The trained listeners received an external accreditation award for completing their training. 16. One barrier to upward(a) provision for pupils emotional well-being was the low level of awareness amongst staff of its importance. Hardly any schools were aware of the comprehensive guidance issued by the DfES in 2001. 6 eventide fewer schools had provided any staff training to domiciliate awareness of the issues and the strategies described in the guidance. 17. Training for staff on mental health difficulties was unsatisfactory in just over a third of the schools visited and good in only just under a quarter.Most training tended to focus on managing pupils behaviour rather than on promoting a positive approach to relationships and resolving conflicts. However, a few secondary mainstream and special schools were developing an approach to conflict resolution based on restorative justice. This ensured that, where there were conflicts, all points of view were aired and discussed. The pupils valued this they felt they could have their say and that their views were respected. The training programme for staff was effective teachers and support staff felt able to implement the programme successfully. 8. The National Healthy Schools Standard (NHSS) is at the core of the governments healthy schools programme. 7 It was introduced in October 1999 to support the teaching of PSHE and citizenship in schools and to provide schools with practical ways to create a safe and productive learning environment and minimise potential health jeopardizes. One of its eight key areas of activity is emotional health and well-being (including bullying). Of serious concern, however, was the large number of schools in the survey who were not working towards meeting the standard. Only just over a hal f were ware that the NHSS existed and, of these, only a very small minority were working towards or had met the criteria for emotional health and well-being in their school. 19. Small schools often had informal but effective arrangements for recording and discussing concerns about pupils well-being. Staff quickly perceived changes in pupils behaviour, demeanour or progress. An important feature of these effective schools was the quality of the dialogue between staff, for example between class teachers, teaching assistants and the special educational needs co-ordinator.Recognising and providing for individual needs Working in partnership with other agencies 20. All schools and LEAs realised the importance of working well with professionals from the health and social services. Joint working with these other agencies was crucial in planning and providing for pupils individual needs. The challenge, however, for professionals from a range of disciplines was to achieve a common understa nding of the problems of pupils with mental health difficulties. The side by side(p) case study bespeaks the benefits of effective joint working. Case studyA advocator in a secondary school was working with a pupil who had referred herself for support. The pupils mother did not know this. A mental health worker from CAMHS, who worked in a local clinic, was also working with the pupil and approached the counsellor to see if they could work together with the pupil and parent. The counsellor discussed this with the pupil who gave permission for her mother to be contacted. Both professionals became engaged in supporting the parent and child. The consistent approach agreed between the adults ensured more unsophisticated discussions and properly agreed resolutions to problems. 1. Many of the local authorities visited were in a period of reorganisation as they set up Childrens Services to meet the requirements of the Children Act 2004. Practice is beginning to develop to establish the joint planning and working at the heart of this legislation. For example, one LEA was developing multi-agency patch teams and common referral procedures were being considered. Despite this, the survey showed that there was a long way to go to ensure that the legislative intentions result in better practice in schools. 22.Partnerships with external services were unsatisfactory in nearly a quarter of the schools visited and significant improvements were required in two thirds of them. Only a few of the secondary schools had good arrangements for multi-agency working. Relationships between schools and social services were particularly variable. 23. Unsatisfactory relationships between schools and other agencies were typified by the unavailability of social workers, even for urgent cases schools inflexibilities in advance the planning of programmes to meet the needs of some of their pupils frequent staff changes long waiting lists for referrals reliance on personal informal contact s rather than agreed systems issues relating to geographical boundaries which remain unresolved. In the third of schools where multi-agency work was good, all the agencies had found ways of resolving such difficulties. 24. The most effective strategies which promoted good joint working included regular, frequent meetings attended by all agencies. Pupils needs were discussed and plans agreed and recorded. Case study A Vulnerable Students Panel effectively identified students xperiencing emotional health difficulties and provided appropriate multi-agency support for them. The panel met monthly and included representatives from a range of agencies. It was chaired by a deputy headteacher and a psychiatric nurse who was the manager of the school support centre. All school staff were informed confidentially about the students who had been discussed and this dissemination aided further identification. Decisions made by the panel ensured that agencies were deployed to work most effectivel y in their areas of greatest competence and avoided unnecessary duplication of effort.Importantly, the school and agency representatives were charged with taking action and reporting back on its success at the next meeting. In this way each organisation was accountable to the panel. 25. Identifying one person to be responsible for co-ordinating and liaising with health and social services helped communication and ensured important information about pupils was disseminated effectively. 26. In a few LEAs, networks of professionals working in the same area met regularly to share effective strategies.They learnt about each others working practices and this promoted a shared understanding of issues. There was good practice in schools where a wide range of professionals including counsellors, therapists, social workers and psychologists were use by the school. Case study A primary school had formal procedures for logging concerns about a childs academic, personal, social or emotional dev elopment. A nurture group also provided a way of identifying pupils who might have mental health difficulties. The school used short-term charitable livelihood to employ a family officer.She maintained close links with families identified as being in crisis and was therefore easily able to identify pupils at risk of developing difficulties in their emotional health and well-being. This approach encouraged partnership working so that parents referred their child to the family officer, headteacher or special educational needs coordinator if they had concerns. 27. fixedness visits by other professionals helped schools to identify pupils who might be experiencing mental health difficulties. Case study The headteacher attended the schools breakfast club every day and a mental health worker attended once a week.The club provided an effective method of identification through direct expression of children and regular communication with parents. 28. Sometimes other agencies initiated the joint working and the schools grasped the opportunity to participate. Case study A consultant paediatrician at a local hospital initiated collaboration amongst different schools to promote emotional literacy amongst pupils. The initiative was inspired by an attempt to deal with bullying, cited as a problem by many children who attended the hospital.The project, now in its fourth year, involved pupils from a primary school, special school, high school and the local tuition service. The projects activities were based on posters which depicted problems faced by pupils. They were encouraged to develop listening skills, understand the perspective of others and to negotiate and compromise. Hospital staff encouraged the use of a common language by colleagues and the project fostered strong links between the health and education services. The result was fewer individual referrals to the hospital. Pupils who experienced bullying were ordinarily referred directly to the project for support. 9. The pupils who were least mentally well were those who were withdrawn or depressed and who were underachieving as a result. Schools commonly identified pupils whose attendance was unsatisfactory and who did not participate fully in school life. Typically, these pupils had few or no friends and were isolated in the play ground. However, they presented few challenges to teachers and, too often, their problems were not followed up. Few schools byword non-attendance, lateness or falling behind in course work and homework as indicative of deeper problems. 30.Schools relied too much on informal methods to identify unprotected pupils. Primary schools, particularly, insisted that they were able to identify such pupils easily because they knew their pupils very well. 31. Only a minority of the secondary schools used information from pupils previous schools to help recognise those who might experience mental health difficulties. Relationships with parents 32. A key to effective identific ation and provision lay in schools relationships with parents. Links with parents and other agencies were closest in the early years.Home visits, where parents could talk openly about their concerns and their childrens behaviour, and initiatives such as parenting classes, supported the identification of any problems or difficulties. As pupils grew older, schools found it harder to sustain such relationships, although there were examples of very good practice in primary, secondary and special schools. The main characteristics of good practice were home visits by teachers and other support staff training for parents in developing healthy minds parental support groups regular meetings and telephone contact co-ordination with other agencies so that parents had to attend only one meeting. 33. maternal(p) support groups were particularly common in the schools visited. In the following case study, the support groups were run by a local CAMHS team based in the school. The workers were able to talk to teachers while they were in the school and to ensure that information about individual pupils was discussed with them when appropriate. Case study A group of six parents met for ten two-hour academic terms. The aim of the group was to help parents enjoy rather than simply manage their children.Parents learned how to play games and stimulate their children, thus strengthening their relationship. They particularly appreciated the opportunity to share their concerns with other parents who understood the problems. One parent reported, You realise youre not on your own you dont feel so naughtily. The project was in its infancy, but there were signs that it was helping parents to develop confidence and to help each other do better. 34. Difficulties in working with parents stemmed from late diagnosis of a pupils problems uncoordinated support from a range of agencies poor information provided for parents about whom to contact inadequate account taken of parents childca re arrangements, so that they sometimes had difficulties in attending meetings negative feedback to parents about their children parents perceptions that the school had effrontery up on their child. One parent observed, Nobody ever said what was available you had to find out for yourself or hear it from someone else. 35. Most, but not all, of the pupils identified with mental health difficulties also had emotional, social and behavioural difficulties (EBSD).Some had more than one such difficulty. Ofsted has reported recently on the provision for these pupils and its effectiveness. 8 This report focuses on the provision required for pupils who do not necessarily have special educational needs but who require additional emotional support to succeed at school. Informal arrangements 36. Half the schools in the survey operated self-referral or drop-in schemes run by peer counsellors, youth and community workers, school nurses, in-school counsellors and those from voluntary organisatio ns.These arrangements enabled the pupils to identify themselves and seek the help they wanted and needed. Case study A secondary school appointed a health practitioner who dealt with a wide range of issues developing self-esteem, anger management, relaxation and stress management. Pupils were able to make their own appointments and the work was completely confidential. She also did some teaching. This made her more accessible and reduced the stigma for pupils of knocking at the door. 37. A very small minority of primary schools offered pupils opportunities for self-referral to staff.In these schools, pupils could draw or write about themselves in a reflections book or a feelings book, make use of a bullying box, and write or talk directly to the headteacher or the PSHE co-ordinator. Pupils who had such opportunities reported that this was supportive and gave them confidence. A Year 6 pupil said of her reflections book It helps me to have a confidential conversation with my teacher a bout things that are worrying me. 38. A programme of education about values also helped pupils to talk freely and openly about their feelings.Each pupil was given a book in which they could write or draw a picture about the things that had made them happy or sad. Teachers monitored the books regularly to ensure that a pupils personal difficulties were identified early they were powerful additions in a school where the ethos was already strongly supportive of pupils emotional well-being. 39. Clubs and after-school activities also enabled schools to support vulnerable pupils in a way which reduced the stigma of referrals. 40. In one primary school, 50 pupils regularly attended the happy/sad club, where they talked about positive or negative experiences that concerned them.Clear ground rules had been established, which were understood by pupils, such as respecting what had been discussed and not gossiping. Pupils could put a photograph in a scrapbook of people that were special to the m. The teacher usually led a short, directed session based on an appropriate text and provided an opportunity for meditation and reflection. The high number attending reduced the possibility of negative labelling and pupils had good opportunities to share their thoughts and feelings openly with their peers. 1. Pupils often commented that they particularly valued opportunities to talk and be listened to. The extent to which pupils with mental health difficulties have problems in making and sustaining friendships may explain, to some extent, the success of peer support schemes. 42. Nearly half the primary schools visited had effective initiatives which were based on pupils helping each other to resolve difficulties. One school focused on socially isolated pupils by appointing playground angels.The angels had weekly meetings with a teacher and were also represented on the school council. Pupils involved in these activities felt that they helped them to show responsibility towards young er children and to develop into mature and sensible people. 43. Others schools focused on the difficult point of transition between primary and secondary school. Pupils who struggled to make friends were considered by a few primary schools to be particularly at risk of experiencing problems. These schools developed a range of peer support programmes, as in the following example Case studyA group of Year 4 pupils were considered to be at risk of difficulties on transition and the school decided to make provision in collaboration with the local secondary school. Year 8 pupils were invited to apply for posts of pupil mentors. They were interviewed and successful applicants were trained. Over two years, the primary pupils visited the secondary school at least once each half term for lessons, lunchtimes and social activities. On each occasion they were met by their individual mentor and had time to discuss issues with them. Primary pupils in reality enjoyed the programme.They were very clear how the transitional programme had helped them to prepare for secondary education. 44. Two thirds of the secondary schools visited had good peer counselling, support and mediation systems. Peer mentors who had themselves experienced difficulties in the past commented on how much they valued helping younger pupils who were also experiencing problems. The most successful schemes provided thorough training for the pupils offering the support, as well as careful monitoring from the teachers responsible for it. Provision through professional referral 45. Referral systems differed widely.In one area, the consultant psychiatrists responded to requests for information about pupils the service accepted referrals from any involved professional. much commonly, however, panels of professionals considered referrals. The latter arrangement had some advantages in that there was discussion and agreement on the type of intervention which was most likely to succeed. However, this arrangement a lso tended to create delays in responding to pupils needs. 46. Not all professionals were clear about how referrals should be made, and who ought to make them, for particular types of provision.This lack of clarity meant that pupils who might have benefited from services were not given access to them since the school was unaware that it could make such a referral. 47. Schools and pupil referral units (PRUs) did not always receive an equitable service from other agencies, especially where education, social services and health services had not agreed how resources should be allocated and work prioritised. It was common to find that a CAMHS worker was based in a school in one part of a local authority, while, in the same authority, another school had to make referrals to a panel.The schools were unaware of why these differences existed. 48. The most common types of provision were counselling family work mentoring and support workers who visited the pupils regularly and provided advo cacy and support through discussion and activities a modified curriculum and timetable nurture groups and sanctuary space. 49. This provision was largely effective when it was matched well to the assessment of the pupils needs. However not all schools were able to attract the additional resources required to provide these types of opportunities.Larger schools had more funding to be able to establish support centres specifically for pupils with mental health problems. 50. Local and national voluntary organisations played an important role in working with schools and local authorities to provide services for children and young people with mental health difficulties, and they were often represented on local CAMHS strategy groups. In some local authorities, partnerships with voluntary organisations provided helpful services for schools and parents, such as counselling and family therapy.Voluntary groups were often better at monitoring and evaluating the impact of their work since they depended on such evidence to attract further funding. Case study In one local authority a charity had been working in some schools for five years. For an one-year fee, the school received a large amount of support from the charity which provided an art therapist and a dance instructor who worked with pupils identified by the school and provided counsellors, supervised by team leaders, from the charity. NotesThis survey is based on the findings of a survey of 72 settings in eight local authorities. The settings and almost all the authorities were selected randomly to represent a mixture of shire and unitary authorities. One authority was chosen because of known good work in the area of mental health. Her Majestys Inspectors (HMI) visited early years settings, primary and secondary schools, pupil referral units, hospital schools and settings, maintained and independent schools for pupils with EBSD and learning difficulties, and specialist provision for pupils who had been bullied.HM I observed lessons and other activities, scrutinised policies and records and held discussions with 269 pupils and 115 parents. Discussions were also held with a range of local authority staff, headteachers and senior managers, teachers, teaching assistants, learning mentors, and representatives of voluntary organisations. They also met CAMHS regional development workers. Further information Publications Promoting childrens mental health within early years and school settings, (DfEE 0121/2001), DfEE, 2001. SEN and disability towards inclusive schools (HMI 2276), Ofsted, 2004.Managing challenging behaviour (HMI 2363), Ofsted, 2005. Mental Health and Social Exclusion, Social Exclusion Unit Report, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2004. http//www. socialexclusionunit. gov. uk/downloaddoc. asp? id=134 Promoting social, emotional and behavioural skills in primary schools, Primary National Strategy, DfES, 2004. Developing emotional health and well-being a whole-school approach to impr oving behaviour and attendance, Key Stage 3 National Strategy, DfES, 2004. Behaviour and attendance toolkits, Key Stage 3 National Strategy, DfES, 2005. http//www. standards. fes. gov. uk/keystage3/respub/ba_toolu Promoting emotional health and well-being through the national healthy school standard (NHSS), NHS Health growth Agency, 2004. http//www. hda-online. org. uk/Documents/promoting_health_wellbeing. pdf Guidance on new ways of working for psychiatrists in a multi-disciplinary and multi-agency context national steering group interim report, NIMHE, CWP, Royal College of Psychiatrists and Department of Health, 2004. http//www. dh. gov. uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4087352=01RXVr Effective joint working between child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and schools, Research report no. 412, Bridget Pettitt, Mental Health Foundation, DfES, 2003. Websites www. dfes. gov. uk/me ntalhealth DfES Mental Health www. rcpsych. ac. uk Royal College of Psychiatrists www. socialexclusionunit. gov. uk Mental health and social exclusion www. standards. dfes. gov. uk/primary DfES guidance on developing childrens social, emotional and behavioural skills www. teachernet. gov. uk/management/atoz/n/nhss/ National Healthy Schools Standard 1 Promoting childrens mental health within early years and school settings (DfES 0121/2001), DfES, 2001. 2Promoting emotional health and well-being through the national healthy school standard (NHSS), NHS Health Development Agency, 2004. 3 Promoting childrens health within early years and school settings, DfES, 2001. 4 Bright futures promoting children and young peoples mental health, Mental Health Foundation, 1999. 5 The SEAL resource box can be ordered from Prolog, Tel. 0845 602 2260, emailprotected uk. com (ref DFES 0110 2005 KIT), or viewed and ordered from the Teachernet website www. eachernet. gov. uk/seal. 6 Promoting childrens m ental health within the early years and school settings, DfES, 2001. 7 The NHSS is funded jointly by the DfES and the Department of Health, hosted by the Health Development Agency (HDA). It forms part of the governments drive to reduce health inequalities, promote social inclusion and raise educational standards through school improvement. 8 Managing challenging behaviour (HMI 2363), Ofsted, 2005. Primary and SecondaryJuly 2005 HMI 2457

Promotion and Pricing Strategies

Week 8 e-Activity Use the Internet or the Strayer subroutine library to research a recent situation that has caused a business, not-for-profit organization, or government agency to suffer from bad creationity. Be prepared to discuss. Promotion and Pricing Strategies divert respond to the following From the e-Activity, evaluate the situation of the organization you researched. Create a program outlining steps the organization might take to build better public relations. Ensure their search engines are being far to the consumers pauperizations and needs.Rewrite its policy and procedures for marketing to support the consumers not just the brands they have a market care in. Employ outside audit agency to ensure coding is not limiting, collecting, or distributing user information even if it is for marketing. Take fault where fault should be taken, after all how goat you say you dont put other websites before others yet have a marketing team where you can buy key words that help move you up in your rankings. Source http//www. computerworld. com/s/ article/9230149/Bad_press_may_affect_Google_more_than_FTC_s_22. M_fine http//www. reuters. com/article/2012/10/12/us-google-ftc-antitrust-idUSBRE89B16G20121012 http//www. computerworld. com/s/article/9234096/Google_CEO_Page_said_to_meet_with_FTC http//www. nytimes. com/2012/10/13/technology/ftc-staff-prepares-antitrust-case-against-google-over-search. html? pagewanted=all From Case Study 13. 3, analyze the airlines marketing strategy its use of social media and forego publicity. Speculate whether or not this strategy will allow the airline to reach its tar break down market. Provide a rationale with your response.Pet travel is becoming bankrupt of the norm for travelers. Interesting is that hotel have set downed to adapt a more pet friend attitude to pets yet it took the airline industry a little long-life to recognize this new segmented market. As a pet lover my dog goes with me on vacation so often I find it a c hallenge to find a flight to get my dog to go with me but easy to find places to rent. There are a lot of regulations for just about companies that offer this service such as pet weight, bread, container of travel, and even destination. And I found all this true for Pet Airways as well.They seem to have a great concept but if you look at other airlines such as JetPaws better known as jetBlue not only do you get rewards points but there are more destinations and options for your pet. There are concerns with Pet Airways such as Id rather my pet be on the same flight as me but as good as it sounds your pet will be on their own plan with other pets. With hurt ranging from 299 on up there are cheaper and faster options out there. Looking at the public relations side of the house I found some(prenominal) articles that spoke about writers visiting the Pet Airways but not given information or even a look at the pet prop area.There is one thing for sure those with pets who are taking thi s much care to make sure their pet is with them are more than likely going to want to check the entire facility out before checking their pets in. Just as the airline would do if you want your pet to fly with them. So this is where I would start 8) Advertise in the top 3 living creature pet stores (PetSmart, PetCo, and Pet Supplies Plus). 9) Take their youtube video (http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=sc2lvz1LGTc) and send out emails to customers via the top animal pet stores, local veterinarians in markets they service. Source http//seniortravel. about. com/od/airtravel/a/PetAirways. htm

Beckett’s Main Themes Essay

Samuel Beckett explores the purposelessness of life, lack of meaning and remembering in postponement for Godot. Aspects such as repetition, change, recognition, blind faith, silences and pauses illustrated the forgetfulness and purposelessness of the lives of Vladimir and tarragon. have a bun in the ovening is doing two something and nothing simultaneously Vladimir and estragon recognize this which is why they ar in search for something to do.VLADIMIR We are happy.ESTRAGON We are happy. (Silence.) What do we do immediately, now that we are happy? VLADIMIR Wait for Godot. (Estragon groans. Silence.) Things brook changed here since yesterday. ESTRAGON And if he doesnt come?VLADIMIR (after a turn of bewilderment). Well see when the time comes. (Pause.)Their words are as empty and futile as their actions. There is a silence after they say that theyre happy which makes it apparent that they are just forcing the sense on to themselves. The silence allows the audience to inquire if they really are happy and if their happiness is of value. Being happy doesnt provide a function in life Estragon destinys to do something now that they were supposedly happy.To do something constructive is important to point the time the closest they can get to a running(a) action is to talk to individually other. Having a purpose in life is probable to come with the emotion of happiness, since Estragon and Vladimir endure convinced themselves to believe they savvy a purpose in life, they require the emotion of happiness to validate it. Rather than just telling Vladimir to do something as they were happy, he asks him which is a technique to create conversation.The characters have blind faith in Godot, they dont know what would turn over if he didnt come. Vladimir is bewildered when he comes to the moment of reality of contemplating that this being true would make their wait purposeless. He doesnt want to admit that if Godot didnt come then their long wait would have been for nothing, instead he says Well see when the time comes. This is a meaningless statement because if Godot never does come then the time entrust never come. However, Vladimir shows indication of acknowledging this when he starts talking well-nigh change which is not only changing the subject but also implying that change in something proves that time is passing and that time will soon come. Moreover, towards the end of the perpetrate when Estragon asks What do we do now? and Vladimir replies Wait for Godot. He ends the sentence there because he doesnt know what would happen after he did come and where their lives would lead. They show no reason to wait for Godot which highlights again the purposelessness of their lives.As Vladimir and Estragon are waiting, it is vital for time to pass and the thing to establish this is for things to change.VLADIMIRI was saying that things have changed here since yesterday.ESTRAGON Everything oozes.VLADIMIR Look at the treeESTRAGON its never the same maturation from one second to the nextVLADIMIR The tree, look at the tree.The characters do not really have a conversation which follows in a logical configuration they often misinterpret each other. Although the two pass their time, they pass it in useless banter which is meaningless and gives their life no purpose. Estragon occasionally drifts murder with his own thoughts but Vladimir brings him back to his. They both have their own ideas on change, Vladimir refers to the tree to prove that things have changed while Estragon notices pus changing, even though theyre in their own individual worlds they both perceive a significance in change.Change is essential to them because they want assurance they have passed the time, and the only way to do so is to see change in their surroundings change would also initiate some form of purpose. However, their dialogue in general dwells on their past and present which suggests that they are trapped in their current situation. The tree in th e landscape helps illustrate a purpose because it is changing, it has to be changing for a purpose Vladimir sees it as a sign of hope. There is only one tree rather than lots, this makes the landscape seem dull and gives a boring imagery. It is a symbol of life and contrasts with the bleak lifeless environment its in.Recognition comes conjointly with memory which Estragon doesnt have. Estragon doesnt find that there is any point in recognizing things. He says what is there to recognize?. Estragon lacks memory which is why he gets frustrated. He distinguishes physical things which he receives like Lucky kicking him and Pozzo giving him a bone. These things make a difference to Estragon which is why he remembers it. He realizes that he had just crawled about in the mud all his life which entails that he only recognizes the purposelessness of his life and the meaning it lacks.It is a commonly established idea that ones experiences define a person. Vladimir says Hes forgotten everything with regards to Estragon. Memory is important to them because what they went through yesterday was an accomplishment for them, if they cant remember it then it is worthless. If Estragon cant remember then Vladimir has no one to reminisce their achievement with, however reminding Estragon and describing it to him gives them something to talk about and passes the time. Since they both lack memory of most of their experiences, their individuality is unclear. Vladimir tries to compare the difference of their current landscape to the macon country but Estragon fails to remember it, and derides at the word and states that he dog-tired all his life in their current location, the Cackon country. The sound of the word is harsh and he says it as if it is meaningless to him even though that is where he is Waiting for Godot, the place where they are establishing their decided purpose of life.Silences and pauses are uses to transport the meaning to the audience or reader during the short inte rvals they realize the meaningless conversation Vladimir and Estragon indulge in. The two begin describing All the dead voices which murmur, rustle, whisper and make a noise like feathers. The silences are disseminated and their dialogues after each of the silences are repetitive which is parallel to their nearly reiterated everyday routine and dialogues. The silent and empty stage is filled with the sound of the dead voices viewers are make to imagine the voices as Vladimir and Estragon describe them using similes. The dead voices contribute to the tedious mood of their lives they argue over trivial things which is parallel to their depressed assign because they are too weak to make it better. The voices reflect the situation of the two characters, they murmur, rustle, whisper in their actions while they wait for Godot.Repetition of the dialogues conveys the forgetfulness of Vladimir and Estragon and their pointless lives. The extract begins with the characters speaking in useless banter but as it nears towards the end of the extract, Vladimir and Estragons speech lessens and becomes quieter as they run out of things to say. This illustrates their life cycle, the root is a bustle of activity as they were younger and searching for a purpose and meaning for life, they did things like pick grapes for a man and go to the Macon country but as they grow older, energy and enthusiasm decreases as they discover no purpose.Vladimir panics after the Long silence, because he doesnt want to commemorate of the reality of their situation talking and actions distract their attention from reflection. Vladimir tells Estragon to Say anything at all in anguish, he suffers a cordial despair or distress if nothing is said or done because then he will apprehend the reality of their meaningless wait. It is as if their howling(a) actuality is in his subconscious mind which he keeps on pushing away. Estragon further confirms that the reason for their useless banter is so they won t think language is utilized to neglect silence. To further emphasise their reiterated life, when they run out of things to say, they remind themselves of their purpose of their existence and the reason behind their endless wait which is to Wait for Godot.

Building Aspirations

Educational identity is the most significant principle of becoming a successful student. There argon or so different studys a student can chose that it can become overwhelming. Young learners may not chouse what they want to study or seduce up as a vocation. I believe plurality need to find out who they are before they know what they want to study. If we know what we are passionate about we can find out what our strengths are and use them to decide what to major in. This was an easy question for me to answer because I always wanted to be an architect even before I knew the rod architect existed.The key word here is knew because I cant explain how a child would know such a thing. I can tell you the exact moment this decision was clarified in my head. It was Christmas day, 1994, when I was 7 eld old. That year I received from Santa Claus a T-square ruler, a clear 45 degree triangle, and a drawing board, which was Just a 24 x 30 polished writing of wood. I didnt know what thes e things were, just I remember having this conversation with my protactinium. I said, Im so excited, I cant wait to cut this board up into something cool My dad laughed and said, Oh son, thats not for outing Thats for drawing. I said, How can I draw with a piece of wood? He explained I was supposed to draw with paper on the board. Despite the change of thought, I was still excited. My parents always encouraged me to draw, build, or Just create in general. I loved to draw and I curiously loved to build things. I would build Logo sets, birdhouses, puzzles, and Just about anything I could get my hands on. So I deduct it Just came natur onlyy that I wanted to become an architect by putting my drawing and building skills together. A few things happened between that moment almost 20 years ago, when I decided I wanted to be an architect, and today.Despite me thinking from an early age that I knew what I was going to do as a career when I grew up, I had several occasions of self-doub t where I questioned my ability to actually be an architect. These moments were almost always followed by an overwhelming sense of panic, the eccentric person of panic that occurs when you lose your sense of purpose and self-identity. At these critical moments I would tell myself that if I couldnt be an architect, I would become a nurse. I guess it was because my mother was a nurse. I didnt want to be a nurse, but that was my back up plan. In high school I took some finesse classes and a couple drawing classes.They do me think artistically, but not in the way an architect should. I went to La Sale High School, which was too a college preparatory school, but they offered no computer architecture classes. The classes they had for drawing didnt offer anything in respects to drafting or technical drawing. Drafting is the backbone of architectural drawings and to not have taken any classes on that type of drawing skill worried me. I was excellent at math and I was actually well orga nized. Those are two strong traits to posses going into architecture classes. Despite some challenges I thought I had it all figured out.When I started my eldest classes in the architecture program at Pasadena City College, I painfully became aware that the skill requirements had separated the strong from the weak. The amount of time and effort that was needed to produce the work was astounding and I felt I was simply not prepared for the demands. As a result, the work I generated was average and some days I would feel embarrassed to pin up my work next to my superior classmates. I shortly entered one of those panic modes I draw earlier where I thought being an architect was all I ever wanted to e and now Im terrible at it.I didnt know what I was going to do. Some of the students were spectacular at drawing and I my drawings were Just mediocre. I didnt want to give up on my life long dream. I needed guidance and inspiration from someone or something. I looked to the architect Lou is l. Khan. He said, An artist can accept a cart with square wheels, but an architect cant. That quote made me feel better about my drawings. They didnt have to be pretty or pull some sort of made up meaning from them. The drawings Just had to work. Kahn expresses that architects communicate done drawing.It isnt about making art. It is about conveying an idea. That is what I want to do with my drawings. I was also lucky plenty to find a teacher and a place to do Just that. My instructor, Professor Lee was strict, but she knew what techniques to show us young architects in pose to become successful. She showed us proper ways to draw, build models, organize work, and how to research other project for reference. The class wasnt easy and there were massive amounts of work, but as long as we put in the effort and did the work she was there to guide us in the right direction.I was ailing a little little discouraged at this point, but I still wasnt sure I could hack it in the program until we went on a field trip. I had no idea that this visit would have such an impact on my educational identity and make me confirm my thoughts about wanting to become an architect. We visited the Cathedral of Our brothel keeper of Angels built by Spanish architect Rafael Money, which is located in downtown Los Angels, off Temple Street and next to the 101 Freeway. His modern-contemporary design conveyed a unearthly Journey that reflects the cultural diversity of the people of LosAngels. It is made from poured concrete, is 11-stories tall, and every angle is acute or obtuse. We entered the cathedral from the South. Unlike most Cathedrals we did not enter through a rear door near the last pews. Instead, we entered the ambulatory, which circles the inner(a) of the Cathedral. This makes the spiritual journey longer because you are walking from the bet of the cathedral to the back, and then to the front again. When you are inside looking at the altar you see a huge cross, which i s a series of windows made from alabaster, a naturally occurring stone.The alabaster gives the interior a warm even glow. The milky light it gives also makes it very spiritual because it makes the cross look like it is floating. In this moment looking at the cross with light pouring out around it I knew this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be an architect. Every move Money made in his design had a reason and purpose that was thoughtfully planned. He was not Just drawing plans to a building, he was making a connecter with the people who entered the cathedral. It had become clear to me that being an architect was not about being the top in class r whose design was the best.It is about the concepts you make and how you can relate them to the people who are using the space you create. Piper explains it is a Writers Job to connect people Together on earth. We are all different, but we have needs that can be addressed through reading and writing. Piper also expresses that change wr iting involves original thought and engagement. That is what architecture does. It promotes original thought from the architect, but at the same time requires engagement from the people using the building. It connects the people together who have multiple points of view.Even though I knew I wanted to become an architect at an early age it didnt mean I would automatically be successful. I had my doubts, but I never gave up. I still had to find out what I was passionate about. I could then use those emotions to create designs that connect to people. I hope that through these designs people will expand their knowledge. It is important to find yourself first in order to find your strengths. You dont have to know what you want to take as a major or what career field you want to be in at young age. So dont be afraid to explore.

Analysis of Fransisco Goyas “The Third of May”

Francisco Soys The Third of May 1808 is a responsive painting that was mean to honor those who suffered from the occupation of Napoleons army during the Peninsula War in Spain. This large in x in oil on canvas painting is used to encounter the art of Soya, and depict the valor of Spanish revolutionary war. The influences on this piece, as well(p) as its characteristics and influence on later work will be examined. The painting reflects the turmoil during the time period, and contains many aesthetic and emotional qualities that make it relevant in art history the minting is one of the finest displays of Soys abilities.Soya who lived from (1746 1828) was regarded as one of the nearly (if not the important Romantic artist. He underwent a major transition in his life that reflected on his work. During his early career he was much to a greater extent optimistic toward military personnelity. This optimism is evident in his early artwork that consisted of bright pastel colors (1). In h is later work (including the time when The Third of May was macrocosm painted) his theater matter became much darker and dejected. This dark subject matter reflectedSoys physical and mental ailments, his disappointment in the French brutality against the Spanish, and his diminished hope for human progress (3). The story behind The Third of May is one of brutality and malice. After Napoleon invaded Spain, he set his brother in place of the Spanish Monarch. The Spanish people believed the royal family was going to be murdered. In response to these rumors, on May 2, 1808 a rebellion against the French army took place. The French retaliated by rounding up civilians the next day and opening fire (4).After the Spanish regained control in 1814, Soya was motivated to ask the provisional government of Spain to consignment The Third of May. He requested to, perpetuate by meaner of his brush the most notable and heroic actions of our glorious insurrection against the Tyrant of Europe (5). T he painting is in the romantic style. Key characteristics that define this piece as romantic are, The sensational current event, loose brushwork, the poses based on reality, the off balance composition, and the dramatic firing off (6).The fact that it is a raging scene is also characteristic of a painting in the romantic style. Other influences can be noticed in the painting as well. His work is reminiscent of Diego Velasquez because of the rough brush strokes that seem to humanism and revivalist the still figures of the painting (7). There are many characteristics that top to the significance of this painting. The placement of the characters is an important feature to notice. The French soldiers are giving the witness their backs as they fire away in a uniform line.This congruity portrays the soldiers as intimidating and an organized rower that are in control of the scenario. In contrast the civilians are an unrecognized crown backed up against a hill. This provides the viewer with a sense of their defenseless and hopeless entrapment. The scale is a grand prior to romanticism such grandiosity was reserved for religious subject matter. The large scale gave meaning to the murdered Just as religious figures were given importance in previous years. The choice of color and lighting absolutely highlights the heroic, while darkness falls on the wicked.For example the man at the center is in the brightest clothes of allow and white. You can clearly see him as his hands are raised as he faces his death courageously. The emotion of all the civilians is clearly illuminated as death is starring the viewer in the face. The bloodied men on the ground and those who cover their eyes or look away are what personify terror and death. This work so greatly personified calvary it influence the work of later artists. Some of the works he influenced were, a series by ?dotard Meant, and Pablo Picasso Massacre in Korea and Queering (8).The later works that were influenced y him c ontained a theme of heroism in martyrs, a placement of good facing evil, and numerous other elements. The painting is of great historic significance as well as aesthetic importance. The painting is not merely a historical record but a moment in time in which the viewer can truly feel like they are a part of. Features that make this feeling possible are Soys placement of the characters, the high contrast between light and dark (or good and evil), and the uncensored death and terror staring at the viewer. This completely defines a hopeless situation.

Relationship to Background Research Essay

Researchers Dunbar and Waynforth (1995) carried out research into human differences in mate selection by focusing on 900 different lonely-hearts ads taken from quatern different American newspapers. The investigation aimed to see what characteristics males and females looked for in potential mates by analysing each ad and recording how each person puffd themselves and what characteristics they looked for in a partner. It was found that wo men were more probably to advertise themselves as physically attractive, whereas males tended to highlight their economic status, displaying their potential ability to provide.Darwins theory supports this, as stereotypically undecomposed looking women will be good child bearers and provide ample food and mete out for children, and therefore will be more likely to induce healthy children with good genes for the next generation. Similarly, by highlighting their economic status men label themselves as good providers for children and will be able to care and help throughout the childs life, meaning chance of extract is higher. Furthermore, stereotypically good-looking men (big, muscley etc) will have a higher chance of survival and therefore pass on these good genes to their offspring.I am going to investigate Darwins sexual strategy theory convertiblely to Dunbars methods, by looking into the way in which people advertise themselves in personal advertisements and seeing if they relate with Darwins, Andersson and Cunninghams ideas about physical appearance and also pervious research done by Dunbar. I would be interested in finding out if Dunbars results done in America are similar to results that I will find in Macclesfield (England). I would further be interested in seeing if results have changed over time as men and womens perceptions of each other may have differed in the last few years.His research led to my directional hypothesis which is Men will describe their resources more than youth and looks in personal advertis ements, women will describe their looks and youth more than resources. The aim of the experiment is to find out what characteristics men and women offer when advertize himself or herself as a potential mate and to investigate if there are gender differences between the way men and women make themselves attractive to the contrary sex through lonely hearts advertisements.inspiration My directional hypothesis therefore, as influenced by Dunbar, is that heterosexual men will be more likely to offer resources such as wealth and financial stability. Heterosexual women, however, are more likely to offer youth and physical attractiveness. The null hypothesis would be as follows there will be no significant difference between how men and women advertise themselves to the opposite sex.

An Analysis of the Kite Runner Essay

Introduction The Kite Runner is an extraordinary take hold, which reminds us how long the Afghani people stir been struggling to triumph over the forces of violence. Because of the books strong yarn, we get an insight in how people might have experienced the crisis in Kabul, even though its been shown through a book. The author Khaled Hosseini was a practicing physician until after the books release. This was similarly his first novel, which was released in 2003 and turned out to be an international crushseller. Even though the chronicle of The Kite Runner is fictional, its based on a true story and excessively on Hosseinis memories of growing up in Kabul.This also means that the genre of the book is not a fictional novel ( some look at it that way), but an historical novel. According to an article in USA Today, The Kite Runner has sold over 1. 4 million copies, which is a phenomenal sale for a first time author. The story tells of a fri destinationship between two boys growin g up in Kabul. Even though they were raised in the same household, emeer and Hassan are from two diverse worlds. While emeer is the son of a wealthy and reckon man (Baba), Hassan is the son of the family servant (Ali).The most important factor in the story is the consanguinity between Amir and Hassan. Their intertwined lives and fate, shows that throughout the story even though, when their relationship was inseparable in the start. They still manage to become separated through jealousy. Five old age later, during the Soviet occupation, Amir and Baba are forced to flee. They spend their new lives in California, and Amir starts a career as an author. Even though Amir thinks that he has escaped his past. He still cannot leave the memory of Hassan behind him. Setting The story uses two of import settings.One is Afghanistan and the other is California. We could also say that the story is divided into three sections the memories of pre-conflict Afghanistan, adjusting to life in Ame rica, and returning to Taliban controlled Afghanistan. There is big difference between these places. While Afghanistan used to be a safe and amicable nation, their reputation completely changed after Taliban started controlling the country. The country is also portrayed as a demolished and deserted place, while California is shown as a way to escape their problems in Afghanistan.California will incessantly be a much safer place to live, for both Amir and Baba, but Baba still misses Afghanistan, since he used to be wealthy and respected. He misses Kabul because in California, he is completely the opposite. He works at a gas station for many hours, and through the book we can feel that he misses almost everything about his previous home. Its important to understand their struggle to adapt to their new home, because it shows how divers(prenominal) Afghanistan is from California, and we also get a better understanding of the story.Structure and characters The Kite Runner starts with a nameless narrator, talking about his past and how its been affecting him for the last twenty-six years. The narrator also gives us clues to what might happen, and the troubles that will arise. After going through a a few(prenominal) chapters, we get to know the main characters better and their problems. The characters that we first meet are Amir and Hassan. Amir is the narrator and the main character throughout the story. He is an Afghan man with a special(prenominal) childhood.Through most of his life Amir tries to redeem his reputation in the eyes of his father as he felt he was responsible for his sticks death. He also wants to prove to his father that he isnt a weakling, and want to become more like Hassan. Hassan is Amirs best friend during his childhood and he is also his servant. Hassan is known for his loyalty and strong attachment to Amir. Later in the story, its revealed that Hassan is Amirs brother. This means that Amirs father had an affair with Alis wife, and that Hassan is actually his son. Hassan was also known for begin the best kite runner in Kabul.Baba is a wealthy and respected man, but becomes poor after he flees to America. His relationship with Amir is very turbulent, and he wants Amir to become like Hassan, strong and brave. Ali is Hassans father and Babas best friend. He is a Hazara, but he got the same characteristics as his son. Ali grew up together with Baba, just as Hassan and Amir did. He got a deadening as well even though it doesnt stop him from begin a loyal servant. Rahim Khan is Babas closest friend and single of the few people who know that Hassan is Amirs brother.He is the one that calls Amir to go back to Afghanistan. Assef is a bully and is responsible for the rape of Hassan. This guy is also a fan of Hitler, which clearly makes him a sociopath. When he becomes an adult, he also joins the Taliban. He also has hatred towards the Hazara people, and likes to discriminate them. Soraya is Amirs wife and has troublesome past. She also takes care of Baba, when he is sick and adopts Shorab without doubts. Sohrab is Hassans son. He also plays a major part in the book. Assef enslaves him after he is taken from the orphanage.Since Amir is the main character in the book, he also develops most of all the characters. We notice first that he slowly turns against Hassan, his anger and jealousy grows in one direction, even though Hassan doesnt do anything wrong. The rape of Hassan is really an event that further separates their relationship. Since there is so much drama in this book, it doesnt end yet. When the Soviet invades Afghanistan, Amirs family flees to another country, unaware that they lose most of their wealth. For the first time they get a taste of how it is to be poor.Later in the book Amir gets a call from Rahim Khan and returns to Afghanistan. He finds out about Hassans son Sohrab, and is determined to bring him back home to America. forrader he could save Sohrab, he had to face Assef. Getting beaten by Assef and saving Sohrab could be seen as a final way to redeem himself. This also made his guilt disappear. Themes and tones In this story, there are a lot of different themes we could discuss like example bullying, friendship, guilt, betrayal, kite, honor, redemption, father and son relationship, mans inhumanity to man, discrimination and loyalty.There is a lot of ethnic discrimination in Afghanistan and especially the conflict between the Pashtuns and the Hazara. The relationship between Pashtuns and Hazaras has never been still because Pashtuns are mostly Sunni Muslims and the Hazara are Shia Muslim. The Hazara has been discriminated mostly because of their faith, language and facial appearance. In the book Ali is loyal to Baba, because Babas father adopted Ali after his parents died. Since then Baba has always followed his fathers example and always been kind to the Hazara people. Guilt is also another theme that is brought up.After the rape of Hassan, Amir cannot bea r to be or so Hassan, because it reminds him of that day. He even lies to Ali, and says that nothing happened. The problem with Hassan is that he takes the blame for everything and he doesnt want to hurt Amir. Even when Amir tells Hassan to hit him with the pomegranate, he refuses. When Hassan smashes the pomegranate on his own forehead, Amirs guilt becomes even worse. In the end Amir makes Hassan and his father leave, and Hassan still considers Amir his best friend. The story is scripted in a way that it still affects you after your done reading.Even though its a dark story with a lot of despair for the people in Afghanistan, there still is some hope and happiness. Honor is expressed in many different ways, but the quote for you, a chiliad times over is a great example of how they express theirself. Conclusion The kite is a theme in the book that represents freedom, even though youre not in fully in control of the kites fate. I think the theme describes the fate of Amir and how h e develops throughout the book To me the story as said earlier is a historical novel, and not a fictional novel.This is because its based on a true story and experiences Hosseini had when he was growing up in Kabul. I as writer of this analysis is a Hazara, and I know what kind of suffering the Hazara people have went through. Sometimes I think that Hosseini might be Amir, but they sure do have some similarities. Links * http//www. usatoday. com/life/books/news/2005-04-18-kite-runner_x. htm * http//www. gradesaver. com/the-kite-runner/study-guide/ * http//www. wikisummaries. org/The_Kite_Runner * http//polsci167. blogspot. com/2011/09/kite-runner-redemption-within-tentative. html.

Goffman: Impression Management

February 8, 2013 Impression Management The notion that we see ourselves as an object, as others see us, forms the derriere for one of Goffmans central concepts impression management. Impression management refers to the verbal and nonverbal practices we employ in an attempt to present an acceptable come across of our egotism to others. Some of the principal ways in which impressions ar created and maintained are by the persons demeanor, the deference, the front, the backstage, the character, and the performer. The demeanor deals with how a person conducts and dresses himself individually.For example, the greetings and salutations we offer others, the manifestation of personal information, the closing or granting of physical space we give others, and countless other acts, if done unspoiled back mark an individual as well-demeaned person and thus deserving of the deference only others can give to him. Deference refers to having honor, dignity, and respect towards others. The reci procal nature of deference and demeanor is such that maintaining a well-demeaned image allows those present to do likewise as the deference they receive obligates them to confer proper deference in kind.The front is what an individual shows toward others while the backstage is the region of the performance normally unobserved by, and restricted from members of the audience. consequence that people have there own secrets about themselves that no one knows about. As a character, the self is in reality an image, a managed impression that is fabricated in agreement with others during an encounter. However, when we turn to the self as a performer, we as an individual look to impress or get approval by others by what we do/achieve at something.For example, youre getting your house ready for when you have guests coming over because you want to make an good impression. The individual as performer is the thinking, fantasizing, dreaming, desiring human being whose capacity to encounter pri de and shame motivates him or her not only to perform for others but also to take precautions against embarrassment. The mathematical process of impression management and hearty interaction both include a rational and a non-rational belongings in different ways.Merchants of exampleity is in both of them, it means individuals attempts to engineer interaction profits through and through properly enacted performances, and to live up to the standards of morality by which their performances will be judged. We present ourselves as well-demeaned persons in part because it is in our best interest to do so but, by doing that, we announce our adherence to the moral standards that ritually organize social encounters. In other words, the self is the mask the individual wears in social situations, but it is also the human being behind the mask who decides which mask to wear.

IMC Plan Essay

Executive summaryThe dodge of this IMC political program is to extend Abercrombie & polecat target auditory sense, naked(a) generation, to the fourth-year segment the yard by doing this strategy is because in that respect ar much potential guest that raisent been discover yet, so if we lot pee-pee to those volume, the none goat poke aside its trade and gain to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) cyberspace. Further much, the current im date that A&F requires in slew mind tycoon be a mark that yields casual luxury overlaps or a smear that is completely for young state, and if the mail flock realize the opportunity to conjure up its cooking stove to discriminate with those high-end blurs, the tag time appreciate forget increase dramatic wholey.And so by, we must(prenominal) add the constituent of maturity into our grime show and salute higher-ranking guest to obtain our harvest. In rank to hold back reveal this strategy, this IMC stick out result use contrasting grocerying communication tools much(prenominal) as crossway placement, circumstance grocerying, advertising and public relationship to accomplish this goal. Eventu totallyy, after discharge this sweetborn strategy for A&F, more and more sr. testament meditate A&F is a taint non well(p) for teens still to a fault for them.Business situation review* Brand introductionAbercrombie & foumart, in like manner cognize as A&F, is a ren throwed initiationwide mortalal manner take a crap that provides multitude the sense of causal luxury it has a variety of product from the shoes that you snap on foot to the hat wear on the top, even fragrance and those exquisite accessories you cig atomic number 18t buy one at the store as well. Nowadays, A&F has more than three hundred branches within the U.S, and several stores around the world.The understanding why A&F is so popular recently is because the path of the pro duct is unique and late furthermore, the products to a fault consume high quality as well. Additionally, another reason that A&F has much(prenominal)(prenominal) high popularity is because the cheap impairment, take the T-shit for instance, the average price is 25 to 30 dollars, if we compare A&F to those famous sword such as Armani, Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, we goat find out the price that A&F stands is much prosperous than the others. * Target marketThe important market of A&F is target at those young adults, from the age 18 to 25, different nationalities, color and characteristic, and those multitude who delight in fancy stuff but standt afford extremely expensive home run. whiz of the topics that A&F rip people is the build that displays the personality of vivid, young but a great sense of mature. M any people might consider a brand that is for young population as premature, the massage that, however, s agency from A&F is the sense of flair and the high-cl ass musical note. Furthermore, referable to the affordable price, young adult Can cast off the ability to buy such a brand that provides the sense of way of life and distinguish themselves among others.* CompetitiveAmong the retail- materialing industry, on that point are various of brand that possess almost the same brand range as A&F, but the reason why A&F motionless move distinguish from those brand is because the unique brand equity that it stands. therefore, although on that point are manywhat attributes that similar with A&F, we still fuel scrutinize into those nuance and seek out some different between each others, and thats quite an important to execute before doing our own IMC plan. on that pointfore, those brand listed below are similar with A&F, and all in the same category.1. H&MH&M (Hennes & Mauritz AB) is an international carriage brand, which comes from Swedish. The target market of H&M is for men, women, teenagers and children, and those people who live bearing products. The feature of this retail-clothing participation is to provide fast-produce product that provides consumer the fast pace of trend, it means that the time from the endeavor process to the product been displayed in the store is short. Because of that, consumer bunghole wassail those fashion products at the very basic hand. The company has more than two thousand chain store around the world. Mean period, H&M a great deal co-branding with other fashion spiriter such as MARNI, VERSACE LANVINJIMMY CHOOROBERTO CAVALLI, etceteratera This strategy tallys the product more valuable than before, and triggers the collecting enthusiasm among those consumers.2. ZARAZARA is one of the most famous fast-fashion brands in the world now, it owns by Inditex Group, a giant Spanish closing retail company. The company claims it barely takes two week from producing a new product to any chain store. One of the marketing strategies that ZARA possess is that they dont execut e any commercial advertising, instead of doing that they transfer the capital to set up another branch. The target audience is those people prefer enjoying fast pace fashion product, and privation to be distinguishes from other people.3. invariably 21Forever 21 is a fashion brand that from the U.S., and it has more branches in major cities around the world. The brand offers chic clothing and accessories to those people who love exquisite product, in particular the female market. The price position that the brand stands is quite friendly compare with those high-end fashion brands such as Armani, Gucci, LV, etc.4. GAPGAP is a brand that owned by The Gap, Inc., an Ameri nookie clothing and accessories retailer. The target market that the brand pore at the prototypal place is only on blue jeans and T-shit, but later the brand expands its product category to pillowcase the takes of men, women and children. The personality of GAP is more general than those others brand such as H& F, A&F, Forever 21, and the spectrum of age for use GAPs product is much broader as well.* SWOT abridgment for A&FSTRENGTHS1. Acceptable priceThe price strategy is a very essential figure that determines the brand position. One thing that stools A&F so popular is the affordable price more people gutter enjoy true level of luxury or fashion based on a friendly price. Because of the affordable price, fashion is not a privilege hold by those well-heeled people. Take the price of a pair of jeans for instance compare with a 190 dollars jean that diesel motor sale, the price of the jeans that A&F is only around 70 dollars. Therefore, the friendly price is a operator that can buoy substantiate this brand, and make more people interest in it.2. Specific market audienceAbercrombie & Fitch compels a very precise target segment that helps the brand to contract on certain consume. The target audience consists of various people, but the most important factor is all about the young g eneration. Meanwhile, due to the specific marketing segment, the brand can come out with more specific strategy that makes them easier to reach through the consumer.3. Strong distribution strategyThere are several ways for A&F to distribute its product the outgrowth one is the brick and mortar store, such as those stores inner(a) Macys. Second, the consumer can purchase the product online due to its own online store, allowing those busy people to shop instead going to the store. Meanwhile, some times in that location are some special progress only carries out on the online store.4. queer atmosphere for shopping in storeThe atmosphere within the store provides consumer a really winning circumstance to shop, moreover, the unique decoration and the aura makes the brand distinguish from the others.5. Stylish designThe image that shows on A&Fs product is simple but stylish. However, maybe there are few forecast or character on the product, but the design that shows on all product submit a sense of modern and fashion, and thats the reason so many people get appeal on this amazing brand.WEAKNESS1. Few branch chain store in the Asia and Europe market The number of the chain store within Asia and Europe market is way below the number in the U.S. First of all, during the past ten years, the closing market in Asia has growing extremely, and due to A&F is an international fashion brand, the distribution strategy should emphasize on this booming area more in baffle to generate more meshing and conjure the brand conscious(predicate)ness and committal. Furthermore, when talk to fashion the first place that pops out in your mind impart definitely be Europe, such as London, Milan, Paris, etc. Thus, in place to strengthen A&F fashion image, letting more people aware of this brand is necessary.2. Provoking imageIn order to make the advertisement more pluckable A&F usually use the idea of sex to appeal consumer. Lots of advertisement or picture imply some kind of sexual implication that some times makes people look unpleasant especially those conservative.3. Untruthful information via on-line advertisingWhen A&F is doing some kind of promotion via the on-line store, some time the information is not clear and not congruent with the information that they labord in the brick and mortar store.4. Similar design idea with the competitorSome time is a little chomp hard to distinguish A&Fs product from those competitor, not because the design but also the attributes of the brans parity, especially when the target audience is similar with each other THREATS1. Losing senior marketBecause the target market that A&F holds is focus on the young generation, therefore, senior might not consider A&F as the brand when they want to shop for garment. 2. Generate banish brand imageThe advertisement that A&F usually address is by using sexual appeals to attract people, or using macho male or sexy female to enamor consumer. This, however, tactic might earn s some negative note among the brand, the consumer especially those parents might deems A&F as a bran which is not ethical.3. Losing market serving due to brand parityThere are several brands that possess similar product or design with A&F. Therefore, how to distinguish each other exit be the most important things that the brand needs to take into consider. Otherwise, the consumer cant recognize the difference between A&F and the others.4. Losing market share due to few chain store overseaThere are over 300 stores within the U.S, but however couple branches in the international market. In comparison with A&F, many brand expand their chain store all over the world, letting more people enjoy the pleasure of shopping their products, such as H&M, ZARA, GAP, etc. The sake of setting branches around the world is not just generate companys revenue but also build up brand awareness in peoples mind, forcing people to familiar with the brand image and strengthen the brand loyalty.OPPORTUN ITIESThere are many possible opportunities that A&F can deal with, and each opportunity can set up different positive consequence that will provides somewhat service to A&F and give the brand various direction to manage their strategy and fulfill the missionary work they possess such as adding the Green concept to the product, offer free modification among all pants, erect the on-line system that gives more access for customer to shop or some special way out comparable Issuing limited products. However, within this IMC plan for Abercrombie & Fitch, the main idea that I want to talk the most is the target market exist some certain possibility to generate more profit or brand awareness by playing more attention on those seniors.Based upon this idea, there are several opportunities that we can follow 1. Make A&F more outfitable to senior by redesign the products The reason that redesign the product can appeal more senior customer is due to the style or graphic that display on th e product might be deemed premature by those senior. Therefore, if the brand can place more effort on designing the right style senior likes, the brand can expand its target market to a higher level. 2. Change the stamp that A&F is a brand for young generation In the mind of people who love fashion product, A&F always be considered as a brand for young people, not because the product itself, but also the image that the commercial present to the public. Thus, A&F should dedicate more on the image, the image that convey more maturity. As a result, it will attract more senior customer to purchase A&Fs product.3. Positioning A&F as a brand to seniorAbercrombie & Fitch can be the brand that provides not just the casual feeling but also the high level of exquisite perception. Expanding the product category to more mature product might be a way to strengthen the image of maturity. Meanwhile, A&F can make itself be seemed as the level of those high level fashion brand such as Gucci, LV, P RADA, etc. This move will give the massage to the consumer that A&F can also suit the need of their desire for the product that is fashion and also possess the personality of mature.Marketing impersonalAccording to the 2010 puddle 10-k, Abercrombie & Fitch Co. provided by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the revenue of A&F is $ 3.469 billion, and its getting better compare with those previous years. In order to, however, make the company generate more profit and brand loyalty, we must scrutinize into those potential opportunities and carry out the best one, therefore, the marketing objective within this IMC plan is that Abercrombie & Fitch will increase the revenue and develop more potential customer from expand the target market which is from the young generation to those senior consumer, by three years later. As we discern, the target customer for A&F is focus on those young generations, especially from the age 18 to 25. Thus, by extending the target audience, A&F c an attract more potential customer and gain more profit.1. Product deep down this IMC plan, we are not selling any offendicular products or item but rather the brand or any products that associated with A&F. The idea of this plan is to expand the age segment in order to attract more senior customer than before. Therefore, how to make the products appealed to those older customers is the concept that me need to take into account, in addition, investting more mature element in the design process will give the last(a) product a sense of maturity and a bit more fashion. Thus, the marketing objective at this part will be adding more mature flavor to the product and strengthen the product image to a high level that indicate the sense of maturity. After the fulfillment of this objective, Abercrombie & Fitch will not just the brand only focus on young people but also resign the reason why the brand suit the senior as well.2. PriceSometimes the price is the hardest part to decide in the process of setting objectives. Different brand price range from cheap to outrageous high, one of the reason that why A&F is so popular is due to the affordable price, the price that most of the people can afford it. However, affordable price is not equal with the normal quality, adding value to the price, make the price value beyond the price itself. There is several ways to accomplish this concept such as providing a higher quality of customer service in order to enhance the relationship between both sides, or strengthen the brand image by making people believe A&F is a brand that provides high quality merchandise. Eventually, the goal is to move consumer the value of the price is way beyond the actual one.3. PlaceMost of the time when shopping in the store, its obviously that the majority of customers are teenager, and one of the reason might be the environment is designed to attract the target market (young people), therefore, all the decoration or the aura inside the store is more like a young generation style, such as the picture on the wall usually are those macho men and sexy female the perfume inside the store is so strong that you can smell it after you leave the store and the light is a little bit gloomy that some time make people feel dizzy. As a result, all the reason that I mentioned supra might be the causes that hesitate senior to shop in the store. Therefore, the marketing object of this part is to crap a better and comfortable environment for senior. Meanwhile, its important not just to provide a suitable circumstance to shop but also an understandable way to reach through.4. PromotionOne of the problem that we need to solve with the promotion is to break through the generation gap, this gap might seems vigor seemingly, but it sure does matter the way that the promotion take place. The reason that I mention it is because the way senior see through the promotion process is totally different than young people, therefore, the marketing object ive is to concentrate on the meaning of the promotion, providing information that will attract senior customer to the store and also form the knowledge that A&F is a brand not just for kids but also for adult. As a result, by using the proper promotion, A&F can attract more people to generate more reputation, and hiking the revenue as well.The important strategic ideaAmong those fashion brands, A&F is the one that focus on the casual luxury segment, many people unstrained to buy its product due to the quality product and the fashion brand image, because of that, A&F suffer one of the most popular clothes brand among the world nowadays. However, when talking about the position that A&F stands, most of the people will consider A&F as a brand that only suit for young people, most of the product that display in the store are hoody, island of Jersey or jeans, those product usually deem as for children, but that is only the stereotype among all of us, if A&F can attract more people t hat is older to purchase the product, the image will at last change, and the brand will be widely consider as a mature brand such as Ralph Lauran, Tommy or Calvin Klein. As far as Im concerned, the reason why I think expand the target market from young people to senior is a proper strategy for Abercrombie & Fitch is because there still exist a great amount of potential customer that can occupy a huge profit to A&F having a bunch of young loyalty customer is not enough, the best way to build up a phenomenal reputation is to provide service to both junior and senior, make the brand broadly acceptable.Furthermore, when talk to those renowned brands such as LV, Gucci, Armani, we wont consider them as a premature brand or a bran that is only suit for young generation or some certain group but a brand that provides high quality of exquisite product. The purpose of this strategic idea is not set Abercrombie & Fitch at the same position as those fashion brands that I mentioned above. The reason of this strategy is to elevate the brand to a higher level that provide the mature feeling that can attract senior customer, meanwhile, when more and more senior customer enjoy A&Fs products, the brand image will produce more solid and convince people that A&F is a brand that not only suit for teens but also for adults.However, before starting this strategic idea, there are several thing that we need to reconsider, such as the communication situation, hows the current communication transmission channel looks like? Whats the tactic that Abercrombie & Fitch utilized to reach through customer? Is the current tactic suit for our new customer? Those questions are the one we need to elaborated, and come out with a more specific plan that can appeal more people, especially senior, to purchase our product. Furthermore, we have to redefine our customer, make sure me know the attributes of their shopping behavior or even the style that those senior prefer, this effort will give us t he knowledge to know our customer deeper and better. chat situation analysisAccording to this strategic plan for Abercrombie &Fitch, the main problem for senior to shop for A&Fs product is the wrong cognition that the brand is only suit for young people, and because of this reason, most of the senior will rather choice other brand that will provides them the sense of maturity and possess the fashion feeling at the same time. Therefore, based on this obstacle, we need to convey the right information to the right person. Thus, the information must be via the right channel and the massage must be tailor to bear upon what seniors needs. Nowadays, most of the information exposed through different media, and its wanton for people to see.However, there is no such a No.1 option, different media has its own function, it cant just apply to every ones need. For A&F, we can grab the pass from various ways, such as the commercial lunched on the TV, the picture issued inside the mags, the im age display on the giant billboard, the store that we shop on-line or even the massage within the store. Those channels all can make a very well impression on us therefore, the detail inside those channels will be the key factor to change peoples attitude. Take the magazine for example, in order to appeal senior customer, the picture inside the magazine cant just use young people as model, it has to show some grownup that is mature enough to bring out the specific feeling.Target audience analysisWhen speak to Abercrombie & Fitch, the first image or feeling that pop out consumers mind is the perception of vitality and youth, thus, the target audience for A&F is focus on those young generations from the age18 to 25. Meanwhile, except the age, there are several attributes that possessed by those people, such as the tendency of collecting fashion products, or owning the ability to purchase fashion items to make themselves looks better. However, based upon the new marketing strategy, the final goal is to extend the age segment and bring more senior customer to this market, therefore, the new target audience among this marketing plan is the age from 30 to 50 and possess the pursual characteristics 1. Self-Independent on the sparing statusGenerally speaking, most of the young customers cant afford to purchase a great amount of products at the same time because they are not self-independent on the economic status they still rely on parents income to supply their daily cost, and subject to parents order. However, if the target audience is focus on those seniors who have a greater power of use of obedients and services than those youth, they can purchase more products and make the purchase decision by their own. Moreover, due to this customer characteristic, there will be more consumption either inside the store or the on-line purchase, and the revenue will have a kinky increase as well.2. Live in the urban areaThere are several good parts that returns the custome r that live in the urban area, the first one is the people can have more access to purchase A&Fs product. Although the Internet is so popular now, we can even purchase the product at the on-line store just for a click, but we still cant have the virtual contact with the products. For customers, sometime is better for them to see the product by itself and give the product a try to make sure whether the item fits the person or not.Furthermore, most of the population lives in the urban area, and the majority of A&Fs store locates at the central of the city. Therefore, the people lives in the city can have more opportunity and convenience to reach its products. Second, the in vogue(p) trend and fashion info often starts from the urban area the people lives inside the city can gain the first-hand information about the latest fashion trend. 3. Care about personal imageNo matter male or female, the target audience must have somewhat narcissism in her or his personality. They believe that wearing good-looking cloth and the right brand can creates the sense of confidence, and thats the reason why they choice A&F to be the brand they want.4. Interesting in the fashion domainPeople who love fashion tend to pay more focus on the apparel industry, because there is a strong connection between each other. Every time there is a new product exhaust or a product co-branding with a famous designer, the person will follow the news and try to participate in the event, and theres a high portion that the person will purchase the product.Positioning strategy analysisPositioning StatementAmong all the people from age 30 to 50, who love fashion products and enjoy wearing casual luxury apparel (Target audience) Abercrombie & Fitch (Product/Service name) Is one of the most famous causal-luxury apparel brands in the fashion industry (Competitive set) That performs confidence, vitality and singularity to customer (Benefits proposition) Because of the high quality product and the stylis h design (Product support) 1. Target audienceIn the localization statement, the target audience is not just for those young people but also focus more on the senior market. Based on the Strategic idea of this IMC plan, the perfect age group is from 30 to 50, because they possess several preponderance such as having a job and a more durable income than those young people, thus, they have more opportunity to purchase A&Fs products. Moreover, seniors usually have a better taste on closing than juniors, therefore, if A&F can make those seniors come its loyalty customer, it can transfer the image that the brand is not just for young people but also for those mature adults.2. Product/Service nameAccording to this IMC plan, there are no specific products that the company wants to promote or use as a strategy to boost the sale. Our mission is to promote Abercrombie &Fitch s name and appeal senior customer to use our product. Therefore, the goal of this plan is to castigate the image and promote the concept that the bran is more likely for senior.3. Competitive setFor Abercrombie & Fitch, our competitive set is not just in the apparel business, but also the whole fashion industry. The products for A&F are miscellaneous, so thats the reason why A&F can compete with different kinds of fashion brands. Furthermore, because the brand has already well known by the public, so they dont have to put extra effort on creating brand awareness.4. Benefits propositionThe people who wear A&F cloth or use any of its products can feel a sense of fashion and confidence due to its unique position in the market. The feeling that elicit from the product can be somewhat wide awake and mature, and thats the feeling, which appeal to most of the consumer to purchase its product. Meanwhile, based on the new strategy, we want customers to have a different experience than before by means of a much mature image that can persuade senior to get involve in it.5. Product supportThe reason why A&F is so popular around the word is because the stylish design and the unique image that convey to the world. Those apparels or products that design by A&F are usually simple but modern there is no fancy figure or glary color on it. Therefore, the brand is easy to distinguished from the other competitors, and also thats the reason why I think the strategy to expand the age segment to a higher level is feasible, because usually the more simple trait that the product possess, the more easy for the product to be considered mature, and thats the thing our new potential customer wants.Communication objectives and strategiesAlthough there are various brands within the fashion industry, different people choice the brand that suit them the most, sometime is based on status, some time is based on personal taste however, the reason why so many people, especially teenagers, appealed by A&F is owing to its stylish design and vigorous image. However, the problem of this IMC plan is how to get seni ors involve in this brand and turn them to up hold A&Fs products. Thus, the communication object is to send the massage to the target audience and boost the revenue by convincing people that the brand is not just for teens but also will be the best choice for seniors to purchase when they need closing.In order to accomplish the communication objective, there are several strategies that listed below 1. To create a suitable environment for senior to visit A&F stores In order to fulfill this strategy, we must conduct some research to realize whats the key element that triggers senior to shop and whats the condition that make them feel comfortable while they doing purchase. The reason for doing this strategy is because the current environment is designed to attract young consumer, therefore, in order to attract senior customer, the company must figure out the best shopping environment to appeal them to come.2. farm the idea that Abercrombie & Fitch is a brand for senior Refresh the tr ustworthy image of A&F and put the sense of maturity into the brand whereby senior feels like this special brand is for them. In order to execute this strategy, we must use different marketing tools and various mediums to accomplish this mission. More details will be illustrated in the last part of this IMC plan. 3. Move Abercrombie & Fitchs image up to those high-end fashion brand such as Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauran. The purpose of this strategy is to let people build the connection for A&F to those high-end brands in order to increase the brand value. By strengthen the brand value, more people, especially senior, will consider A&F as a phenomenal brand to purchase.Program of tactic and executionsWith regard to this IMC plan, there are various tools to accomplish this mission different tactic has its own benefit so we need to slice them together then maximize the great amount of benefit from it. There are so many disciplines such as advertising, personal selling, PR, etc. There fore, sometimes we just cant use them all we have to select some of the most effective ways to conduct the strategy that we came out with. And so by, according to this plan, several tactics will be elaborated in the following paragraph1. Product placementThe reason why this alternative marketing tactic is a great choice for this strategy is because by using this method, not just the product of A &F can expose to the customer but also the image. When the products display inside a movie or commercial, the audience will have a chance to see and have the perception of it. Meanwhile, this tactic has been so popular for quite a long time and most of the company considers this tactic as a great ways to promote their brand or product, so the potential influence on customer is quite huge. Therefore, based on our strategy, we will expose our product or our brand image to the public, but we need to place it in the right place and person. We will execute our plan by putting A&Fs products or log o on senior who take part in the movie or commercial, the reason why we are doing this is because we want the customer who is in front of the TV or computer to deem the brand is looking good on those people.Generally, we seldom saw A & Fs product wearing on senior among any program, so thats the ideal we want to convey to people. Furthermore, in order to illustrate more specifically, we will choice certain people or program to expose our brand image, take the actor for instance, when choosing the people to wear our product, we might consider senior more than young guys, the actor such as Gorge Clooney or Sarah Jessica Parker will be the best candidate for translate the new image of maturity to people. In addition, we must pick the right movie or TV program to place our brand into it, because some time if the movie or program is for teens or children, the purpose of this action will be not successfully accomplished.2. AdvertisingThere are various ways in advertising, each of one has it own advantage, however, in this case, there will be only few channel that appropriate to accomplish this goal, such as * Television In nowadays, people can get a slew of information from TV, and it is also the best way to create awareness. According to this channel, the best way to convey the information that the brans is not only suit for young people but also adults as well is to launch a commercial that carry the image of senior wearing A &F product and shows how confidence they can be just because the brand can bring the sense of fashion and maturity. When people, especially seniors, see the commercial frequently, they will gradually change the original brand image in their mind.* MagazineThere are tons of different magazine in the field now and it has possess several advantage such as high marketing segment, long-dated attention to ads, high color quality, etc. We, however, cant put our advertisement in all of them, we must be specific, choosing the right one that can reac h the right person, therefore, according to the strategy, the target magazine will definitely be those fashion one such as Elle, Ebony, Vogue, People and FHM. Furthermore, in order to promote the perception of mature and professional, those famous magazine such as TIME, Economist, ADWEEK will also be taken into consider. Take TIME for example in order to give the audience an explicit impression, we might consider buying a whole page for our ad, thus, once the reader start to read, the image of our brand will unfold in front of them.* OutdoorThe place that can display the ads are not just in the TV or magazine, there are many places we can use in the public area to show our brand image and product advertisement, such as the giant billboard out side, the bus stop next to your house, even on the public transportation can have a space to make advertising. Therefore, we will display our brand image in those places that people see the most make sure our exposure can reach people as much as possible. To make this tactic more specific, A &F will runs this method by putting out senior celebrity image such as Gorge Clooney the image of him will mostly convince people that A&F is a brand that fits on senior and it looks good as well.3. humans RelationsIn the tactic of PR, our goal is to build the right image we want, and let people feel positive that this new brand image is positive. Therefore, by using all the tools of PR such as the news release, annual report, news conference etc. we want people to know the brand is extending its image to a higher level, and will provides customer a better feeling that will appeals to those senior customer. To execute this strategy by using PR, we might have to combine different tactic to maximize the outcome. For instance, in order to spread the new image out, we might need to set up some event or co-branding with the others.And so by, we might need to set up a news conference or launch a press release to run our story to the publi c. In addition, one of the functions of PR is to create positive image and strengthen companys reputation, so by sponsoring special event such as the Oscar ceremony, LPG golf tour and the Grand slam series the image of A&F will be seen not just a brand that provides causal luxury apparel, but also a brand that possess high-end perception and the sense of maturity. Furthermore, in order to let people understand the reason why the company comes up with this idea, and to convince senior to use its product the company can release some article that is relevant to this topic, getting people familiar with the new idea.4. Celebrity EndorsementBy using well-known people to promote its product can make the brand image more clear and gain more attention. In order to make our brand shine and bright among the public, the company is imperative to choose the right person for endorse its product, several condition such as the person need to have a positive image that well accepted by the public, th e persons personality needs to match with the brand or the product otherwise, people will think the brand has no connection with the person, and that will make the credibility decline. So, in order to fulfill the condition and match the strategy we set up, we will invite celebrity such as Gorge Clooney, Brad Pitt, and Robert Downey jr. to be our spokesman and by using their mature charisma, more people will convert their first image of A&F and turn in to the perception as the strategy we wanted.5. Event marketingIn order to promote the strategy and boost the sale, we can create several events to accomplish this goal more detail will be elaborated in the following paragraph* The A membershipTo create loyalty customer and reward them for their purchase, we will conduct a membership program that give them the benefit as a return. The program will run first with applying our membership card and join the A&F club after applying, every time when they purchase a certain amount of money, t hey can get some credit, and after collecting enough credit, the person can enjoy a permanent 30% discount on every purchase afterward. Moreover, the person who gets a perpetual membership can receive a 100 dollars gift card on his or her every birthday. * The I want to fly fashion eventIn order to strengthen the function of our perpetual membership, we will co-brand with unite flight path and American Express every time when you take a flight with United Airline or purchase product from A&F by using American Express, the person can receive bonus from it, and can use the bonus to purchase flight ticket or products within A &F store.ConclusionNowadays, Abercrombie & Fitch is one of the most famous fashion brand in the world, the brand has it own unique image and special value, the trend of buying its product is not just happen in the State but also around the world. However, besides the current situation, the company has more opportunity to enhance its brand equity by expanding t he customer segment to a higher level. In order to make the brand more accepted by senior, we must create another image that can appeal to them, make them feel the brand is not just for cool teenagers but also for mature adults. Therefore, the strategy of extending target customer to the senior segment can bring more profit to the company and form a new brand image, providing customer another high- end brand to shop and make them feel special.