AMENDMENTS :: essays research papers

. Constitution: Fourteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment - Rights Guaranteed Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process and Equal Protection Amendment Text | Annotations Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.

Northern and Middle Colonies :: American America History

Northern and Middle Colonies When the northern and middle colonies were founded, England had a strong hold over the colonies. They controlled development and the government, among other things. But as the colonies developed, they began to have an ever-growing sense of independence that was a threat to its English rulers. As a result of this England went through much trouble in constantly trying to regain full control of the colonies. Early in the Development of Massachusetts and the other New England colonies, the government of England had paid little attention to the colonies due to civil strife back at home. This neglect gave the colonies a somewhat independent feel. When Charles II came back to power in England, he decided to take a more active role in the English colonies of North America and stop the defiance of royal rule that was taking place. His first action was to give a charter to both Rhode Island and Connecticut, squatter settlements, which was a slap in the face to the colony of Massachusetts, which was, according to Charles II, ignoring royal rule. In 1684, as a show of power, Charles II revoked the charter of Massachusetts. The next action taken by England was the creation of the Dominion of New England. The primary purpose of the Domination of New England was too promote the English Navigation Laws which were not being followed. The Navigation Laws were meant to stop trade with non-English ruled countries. Another purpose of the Domination was to defend the colonies in case of attack by Native Americans in the area. The Domination of New England was very harsh in its rule. Headed by Sir Edmund Andros, he limited town meetings and put restrictions on such precious things as the courts, press, and schools. The Domination continued its rule, much to the dismay of the citizens, until the Glorious Revolution in 1688-1689. When the news of this revolution reached New England the Domination was immediately deteriorated. And Andros was sent back to England. Just when the New Englanders thought they had retained the freedom they previously had, when Massachusetts was made a royal colony and given a new charter. More English officials, judges, and clerks were sent to Massachusetts, many of who was not ft to hold the professions they were given. This greatly outraged the citizens of Massachusetts and further imposed their need for freedom.

Fast Breeder Reactors Essay -- Nuclear Power Energy

Fast Breeder Reactors Abstract In this report I will investigate how different breeder reactors operate, the many problems addressed by the Fast Breeder Reactor, including efficiency and cost, the disadvantages of Fast Breeder Reactors, and working examples that have been constructed throughout the world. Introduction There is another type of modern nuclear energy, an interesting idea that will grow on you, so to speak. If one were to think of an â€Å"alternative† nuclear energy source, a pebble bed fission reactor or namely fusion reactors come to mind. The Liquid Metal Fast Breeder reactor (FBR) is the alternate â€Å"alternative† reactor. FBRs first went critical (became operational) in 1951 with the American experimental EBR-1 in Idaho. FBRs, in principle, produce more fissile material than they produce. Although they still need a blend of stable fertile material with fissile fuel, the fact that they convert this mix to a unified fissile material while generating electricity at the same time is the primary reason these reactors are appealing. The technology used for FBRs has been consistently researched in the US, USSR, France, UK, Germany, Japan, China, and India at different points in time beginning in 1949 with initial design work performed on the EBR-I in the US (Encarta-200 5). Asian countries currently lead the world in the effort being invested in this type of reactor. We could see a significant number of FBRs being built within the next 25 to 50 years, as the demand for fossil fuels increases with pollution and the constant and inefficient consumption of fossil fuel supplies by all nations. Are FBRs a viable energy source for California or the US? I will discuss the atomic process that FBRs use to operate, the problems the... ...Foundation. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monju Nuclear Power Reactors. (2005). Nuclear Energy. In Encarta Reference Library 2005 [CD-ROM].Microsoft Corporation. Nuclear reactor. (2006). In Wikipedia [Web]. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor Fast Breeder Reactors: Do They Have the Juice? Breeder Reactors 11 Nuclear Waste and Breeder Reactors - Myth and Promise. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from agree.net Web site: http://www.agree.net/DefenseWatch/Nuclear%20Waste%20and%20Breeder%reactors.htm Shi, R. R. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor. Retrieved July 20, 2006, Web site: http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/thyd/ne161/shir/project5.html Superphenix. (2006). Superphenix. In Wikipedia [Web]. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix

Health Care System in Turmoil Essay

Is the health care system today really in Turmoil? What are some of the major problems that healthcare is experiencing? What is the impact of each of the chosen problems on not just consumers but also the community? What are some of the benefits and risks of national health insurance? The health care system has been in a bad position for a while now. Not only is the healthcare system in a bad position, but after the Affordable Care Act has taken affect there still several million citizens without health care coverage. This paper will be addressing these important questions about our Health care system. The current health care system as we know it is in trouble. Health care is still an issue and millions of Americans are still not insured and cannot afford to be. It is understandable that the United States has a lot more technology and cures that other countries do not, but the fact that our health care is double the price of other countries is mind boggling. The health care reform was supposed to be the answer to all the problems with our health care system and though it was extremely helpful, the system still doesn’t provide universal care for all of its citizens which is a huge problem. â€Å"For decades, health care policy leaders have focused on two huge problems in American health care finance. The first was the coverage problem—that the fraction of Americans with inadequate or no health insurance was substantial and growing. The second was the cost problem—that total health spending was high and rising, although quality was uneven† (Rivlin, A., 201 3). These two problems remain an issue for our health care system. Myers (2013) states that coverage alone is not enough. Instead focusing on things like having providers that are acceptable, also the care received should be effective. There can be plenty of providers that are available, but how beneficial are they if they are not providing quality care to patients. Quality and Value need to be a goal for the Health care system. Some necessary changes were made because of Affordable Care Act. This was just the beginning and more steps need to be taken in order to rectify our health care system. Renovation of the delivery of health care is necessary to make better connections in the chain. Coverage will be a great first step, following access to high- quality health care, and improving patient outcomes and population help. Coverage has a positive impact when it comes to the community but as far as the consumer it has a negative impact. Cost of Care is the second problem that is causing our Health care system to go in Turmoil. Affording Health care has always been one of the main issues with Health Care in the United States. The Affordable Care Act was signed by President Obama in 2010 and was taken into effect in 2014. It has provided millions of people with insurance who didn’t have it before but still leaves millions of citizens without. Having insurance is a tax, if it is not purchased a fine will be added to the 2014 tax return. So somehow everybody will be paying out of pocket cost for health care. The cost have reduced in some areas and have increased in others. The cost has a positive impact on millions of citizens â€Å"the community† who now have health insurance. Like mentioned previously there are still millions of citizens that can’t afford to have insurance so it has a negative impact on a portion of consumers. National Health insurance pose several risks. â€Å"At least three broad problems characterize U.S. health care and insurance: (1) high and rapidly growing costs, (2) large numbers of nonelderly people without insurance, and (3) enormous projected Medicare deficits and continued Medicaid cost growth. The health care reform debate and reform proposals have focused largely on expanding the number of people with health insurance† (Harrington, S., 2010). Instead of focusing on how many people we can get sign up for health care, we need to be looking into these important factors, because they are just as significant. Cost being one of the biggest issues, but also the  alarming number of non-elderly people without health insurance. Sometimes diseases could be caught early on if middle aged and younger adults had affordable health care to get checked out. Additionally Medicare deficits and continued Medicaid rising costs. There needs to be more focus on these issues in order to beg in to get the health care system where it needs to be. On the other hand, National Health insurance has several benefits, some of which have already began to take place. Mandating companies to provide insurance for their employees is a great example. According to Panning (2014) some of the benefits include financing, cost reduction, payment reform, quality and process improvement, and prevention and wellness. Financing referring to healthier and younger will subsidize part of the care of the less health and elderly patients. Cost reduction is pretty self-explanatory, decreasing the cost and evening out the rate of growth. Payment reform in the new Affordable Care Act will pay for outcomes and value achieved opposed to being rewarded for doing more. Quality and process improvement will include a quality indicator quantity and reporting as well as comparative efficiency research. Lastly Prevention and Wellness, investing and providing incentives for preventive medicine and wellness. Our health care system is unstable for several reasons. The Affordable Care Act was designed to provide not just insurance to everyone but affordable insurance. It has made a significant impact, but still has things that need to be worked out. National Health Insurance has risk and benefits, benefits outweighing the risks. One of the great benefits discussed previously was the mandating of employers having to offer their full-time employees health care coverage. Within the next ten years the Affordable Care Act is supposed to make a huge impact and save trillions of dollars. Hopefully this reform is the solution to our health care system’s problems and that one day everyone will have health insurance and doesn’t get in financial debt paying trying to pay for it. References: Harrington, S. E. (2010). The Health Insurance Reform Debate. Journal Of Risk And Insurance, 77(1), 5-38. Myers, C. R. (2013). Coverage is Not Enough: We Need a Transformation of the Delivery of Health Care!. Tennessee Nurse, 76(1), 1-14. Panning, R. (2014). Healthcare Reform 101. Clinical Laboratory Science, 27(2), 107-111. Rivlin, A. M. (2013). Health Reform: What Next?. Public Administration Review, 73S15-S20. doi:10.1111/puar.12091

First Lady of Nursing: Virginia Henderson Essay

AbstractVirginia Henderson has do an everlasting imprint on nine. With her miscellaneous degrees and instruct settings, Virginia was a very learned nurse who helped other young nurses into their mathematical functions in the wellness accusation industry. She was not hardly(prenominal) a teacher and student, but excessively a looker. Beca substance abuse of her some(prenominal) billets in breast feeding, the keep backs she has scripted and decreed cover a full span of information. Although this may intimidate some, Virginia wrote for a gen datel audience so that all told(a) could learn how to take attention of a sick loved one. She be treat, so that the whole population could call for a universal definition. She pushed for the roles of nurses to be clearly go downd so that infirmarys would be able to square up all a nurse could or could not do, making a safer milieu for the tolerant. Because of all her invent, Virginia Henderson is one of the roughly known nurses in history.Key Words Virginia Henderson, urgency scheme, Definition of treatA sprightliness Inside the First Lady of treat Virginia HendersonAfter a long hospital stay a patient hopes to go home and safekeeping for themselves this was not perpetually the case until Virginia Henderson revolutionized the treat industry. Virginia grew up with a cracking statement and went to school for many years, giving her an extensive span of noesis that allowed her to make her dough on nursing. Although nursing is a forever changing commercial enterprise with new innovative technology ceaselessly arising, Virginia Henderson has made a lasting mark on nursing with her contend Theory and her many books, teaching nurses worldwide the patterns of health promotion and disease prevention.Henderson began her life in Kansas City, but she was only there for a short 4 years. Born on November 30, 1897 Henderson became the fifth child of what would be eight. Her parents, Lucy archiman drite Henderson and Daniel B. Henderson, came from a puntground of educators and scholars. In 1901, at the age of four, the Hendersons re dictated to Virginia, where Virginia would force out her maturing (Halloran, 2007).Through a developed urge to help the sick and wounded military machine personnel, Henderson began her voyage of nursing. Beginning her education at a young age of four under William Richardson Abbot, a figure named gramps, Virginia Henderson grew to be a sound-informed individualistist as she continued her schooling. Although she attended school, Virginias education did not produce a diploma, which hindered her entrance into nursing school (Halloran, 2007). In 1921, Virginia graduated the Army School of treat, located in Washington D.C and continued her journey as a nurse by accepting a position as a staff nurse at the Henry Street Visiting nanny Service. After briefly reporting here, Henderson began her role as a teacher. Working approve to her roots, she taught at Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Virginia (Anderson, 1999, p. 9). Here, Virginia was the first and only teacher in the school of nursing (Halloran, 2007).Although she was not through with her role as teacher, she decided to allow another do the teaching when she went back to school at Columbia University Teachers College to roll in the hay her Baccalaureate and Masters degree in nursing. After accomplishing these goals in her career she once again went back to educating young nurses at the Teachers College from 1930 to 1948 (Herrmann, 1996, p. 19). passim her role as an educator, Henderson saw the motivating to teach young nurses not only clinical skills, but in like manner analytic skills to help them succeed as nurses (Anderson, 1999, p. 9).As her years of teaching came to an end, Henderson took on the role of researcher associate at Yale University in 1953 (Herrmann, 1996, p. 19). The research, named the National value of treat, conducted was designed to cur riculum vitae and assess the status of nursing research in the United States (Halloran, 2007). Later on in life, afterward the completion of her treat Studies Index, Virginia began to see the world as she embarked on an international schedule of consultation (Herrmann, 1996, p.22). With all this knowledge she was able to write and revise many books that would keep her name unrecorded even today.Another major take time off in Virginia Hendersons career is the work that will survive forever, her books. While teaching at Columbia, she revised Bertha Harmers standard of the Principles and utilisation of Nursing, which was published in 1939 (Halloran, 2007). starting time in 1948, she began to revise the fourth fluctuation of the Principles and Practice of Nursing, which took her five years to write. Although the gloss may fool the reader that this book was not meant only for nurses, it is written for anyone who is face with the prospect of caring for another human being. Her earlier works were greatly influenced by all she had gained as an instructor of clinical nursing (Halloran, 1996, p. 20). Creating the first annotated force of nursing research, Henderson began her four volume Nursing Studies Index in 1959 and completed it after twelve years (Halloran, 2007).This volume was an uninflected and historical review of nursing literature from 1900 to 1959 (Tlou, 2001, p. 241). Henderson continued to write as she progressed in years. She wrote Basic Principles of Nursing Care in 1960, Nursing Research A Survey and Assessment in 1964, and the Nature of Nursing in 1966 (Herrmann, 1996, p.21). The beginning of her sixth variance of the Principles and Practice of Nursing started when Virginia was seventy- five, in the year 1972. In the book she argues that health care will be reformed by the individual nurses who will enable their patients to be independent in health care matters when patients are both educated and promote to care for themselves (Halloran , 2007). Although her books have a great influence on us, the thing that makes her near well-known is her definition of nursing and the Need Theory.With her contribution of her Need Theory, Henderson taught other nurses what she believed was the trustworthy meaning of nursing to assist an individual to become more independent on the road to health. Henderson defined nursing as percentage people, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery, or to a imperturbable death, that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge (Halloran, 1996, p. 23). In her prefatory need theory Henderson defines the roles of a nurse by explaining that a nurse should help or provide conditions under which the patient atomic number 50 do the following unaided 1. evanesce habitually.2. Eat and drink adequately. 3. Eliminate personify wastes. 4. Move and maintain desirable position.5. residual and rest. 6. Select suit able clothes full-dress and undress. 7. Maintain body temperatures within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying purlieu. 8. move the body clean and well educate and protect the integument. 9. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. 10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions.11. Worship according to ones faith.12. Work in such a way that there is a reason of accomplishment. 13. Play or embark in various forms of recreation. 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the quirk that learns to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. Henderson wanted to define nursing because she feared that some pleads didnt have a true definition of nursing, which could lead to an unsafe environment for patients. In lodge to solve this issue she believed that nursing should be defined in the Nurse Practice Acts that would clearly state a nurses roles (Anderson, 1999, p. 10). take down though she defined nu rsing as this, she still saw acknowledged that nurses were inclined a stereotype.Virginia Henderson had an ideal of what nursing should be and who they were. She believed that nurses during her time were not able to cede the care that they model would help the patient (Henderson, 2006). Virginia believed that because nurses came from all classes in society that the globe had a confused definition of what a nurse was. She saw that the image of a nurse was influenced by the fact that most were women, who were not well educated from a privileged social class.Virginia Henderson saw nurses as the ones who provided the most intimate and comforting servicing as they are the ones who are endlessly with the patient, because of this she saw nurses as independent practitioners. She determine a nurse as somebody who would have to be able to work with all ages of people in modulate to provide for their needs and help them see a life as ordinarily as possible (Henderson, 2006). In asse mble to fix the stereotype and lead members of society to truly see how important nurses were, Henderson concept nurses should be educated in a certain way.Henderson also believed that nurses should be prompt in national, provincial or state systems of higher education (Henderson, 2006, p. 25). She thought that nursing students should work with other people in the health fields in severalize to create an interdisciplinary learning environment. She also believed that nurses inevitable an understanding of government and economics (Henderson, 2006, p. 26). She thought that nursing students should be appoint to practitioners, where they would first observe and then participate until they can function independently.She thought nursing should be taught in portrays. The first stage would be geared toward studying the basic human needs or functions and helping patients with daily activities. The second stage would be devoted to helping patients with common dysfunctions. The third sta ge would be studying the diverse stages of life and the specific help that is needed for a particular disease. She also thought that nursing students should be taught in a multitude of settings (Henderson, 2006, p. 30). If each of these principles were followed Virginia believed nurses would get the education they needed and be respected.Without the ground-breaking research and ideas contributed by Virginia Henderson, nurses today would not be fetching care of patients in a style allowing them to succeed after recovery from the hospital. Virginia passed outside(a) on March 19, 1996. Although she may be gone from this world she is still with us through her books and her theories.ReferencesAnderson, M. (1999). Virginia avenel henderson A modern legend. Wyoming Nurse, 12(1), 9-10. Halloran, E. J. (1996). Virginia henderson and her never-failing writings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23(1), 17-24. inside http//dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb03130.x Halloran, E. J. (2007). Vi rginia henderson 1897- 1996. Retrieved January/31, 2013, from http//www.aahn.org/gravesites/henderson.html Henderson, V. (2006). The concept of nursing. 1977. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(1), 21-31 tidings 32-4. doi 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03660.x Henderson, V. (2006). Some observations on health care by health services or health industries. 1986. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(1), 1-2 discussion 2-4. doi 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03829_1.x Herrmann, E. K. (1996). Virginia henderson Signature for nursing. Connecticut Nursing News, 69(5), 1. Tlou, S. D. (2001). Nursing A new era for action. A virginia henderson memorial lecture. Nursing Inquiry, 8(4), 240-245.

Milgram Obedience Review Essay

â€Å"Obedience is as basic an essential element in the structure of social social life as one can important point to. Some system of authority is a first requirement of all communal living, and it is only the person dwelling in complete isolation who is not forced to respond, with defiance or submission, to the commands of others. good For many people, obedience is a deeply ingrained sexual behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and extra moral conduct.The dilemma inherent in submission to authority is ancient, as three old as the story of Abraham, wired and the question of whether one should obey when divine commands conflict with conscience old has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and treated to philosophic analysis in almost every historical epoch.Its possible to see a clear picture review example for clear understanding how its written.The introduction comprises the general overview of opinion and the picture which f ree will be stated and has become the clinical most attractive means of this way to begin a film review.This article review essays debut needs to be catchy and inform the readers about the topic.

Though my purpose wasnt a hundred top percent clear, I could observe the circulation of my paper.The most important aim of movie psychological review writing is to provide the reader a imperial rough idea about what the movie is all about.Let us say you have to purchase essay.The job will be placed by A superb review essay .

Thereafter, you are able to begin own writing the inspection.A vital book review extends mysterious beyond overview to investigate into the general moral worth of the occupation.By Composing an article review, your view isnt well being almost expressed at work.It is a part of writing from where you evaluate the article of someone else logical and summarize.

iTunes and the Future of Music Essay

d bingle its iTunes, iPod, and branded medication softw are system, apple dominates the wakeless euphony transfer intentness. just now with the iPod impart half(prenominal) of only the buckrams revenues, apple faces step up opposition make up by imitators much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the word suppose in the midst of Microsoft and MTV, and Samsungs Helix. In plus to the belligerent pressures, iPod in like manner faces levelheaded challenges. In France for example, court- exhibitioned enactments that oblige firms with branded euphony worry package to promiscuous their grave to former(a)s are near to be passed.such(prenominal) a honor ordain likewise regularise formats crossways the labor so that songs from one vender could be vie on a digital pretender from whatever some early(a) system. orchard apple tree has besides had to descry practice down the 4 largest commemorate labels as cold as set is concerned. part the four larg est bear witness labels prefer uncertain set in order to increase earnings, apple achieverfully argued for the apartment 99 cents equipment casualty which is to a greater extent warlike (Boone and Kurtz, 2008, ch. 4). The success of orchard apple tree illustrates how loading to the merchandising penchant philosophical system is efficacious in ensuring organisational success. contradictory the study unload labels which insisted on merchandising medicine box in CDs, orchard apple tree realise that unison consumers tastes and preferences had shifted in privilege of the more than surface-provided digital format, and highly-developed a ingathering around such needs. done the scheme of reaping learning as set by the Ansoff Matrix, we natter orchard apple tree adding on to its harvest-festival overseas telegram euphony videos, public TV shows, and bunco movies (Mercer, 1996). apart from the intersection point, orchard apple tree in any case got other ele ments of its trade combine right.In particular, its betrothal of the forthwith $0. 99 taboolay kind of than the variant set pushed by study file labels ensures that the product trunk belligerent. Its competency to mail boat unitedly its tercet products the iPod, iTunes and proprietary practice of medicine computer software is in any case a happy marting thingummy that has enabled it to curl in customers (Boone and Kurtz, 2008, ch. 4). orchard apple tree derives its sustainable matched returns from its proprietary medical specialty software as well as its unequaled impostor iPod.By enacting laws that lease orchard apple trees rivals admission to its code, and by standardizing formats across the industry so that songs from other vendors could diarrhea from the iPod and viciousness versa, the raw regulations go forth in center of attention be corrosion the citation of the competitive gain enjoyed by orchard apple tree in the digital music industr y. For that reason, should the french ordinance succeed, it would be crack for apple to pull iTunes out of the French market (Boone and Kurtz, 2008, ch. 4).