Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin

"String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible: Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin "String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today" (Allen, 1). "The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it" (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood; maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow. x : distance from fingers to string P : pressure a : distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.) W : the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible:

Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay

Despite of addition in public and private health care sector outgo, the use of health care services in India has remained hapless. Issues related to Maternal and child wellness are of concern.1 For the wellness and well-being of a kid, every bit good as household and social wellbeing, prenatal and postpartum attention of female parent is necessary.India ‘s Reproductive and Child Health programme2-Sing high maternal and child deceases, authorities of India has ever aimed at turn toing these issues through concrete wellness plans. India was the first state to establish the national household planning programme. It was subsequently integrated into household public assistance programme. The International Conference on Population Development ( ICPD ) , 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 held at Beijing, China emphasized on gender equity and sustainable development. These conferences suggested the generative wellness plans to look after gender issues behind the wellness jobs, adult females ‘s wellness demands throughout their life span and work forces ‘s duty to esteem adult females ‘s generative rights. ICPD helped India to explicate an integrated programme which could travel beyond the household planning and emphasis on gender equity. The generative and child wellness programme in India was so started in 1997. The 2nd stage of this programme came in action along with National Rural Health Mission in 2005, which emphasized on the betterment of handiness and entree of the health care services by the people particularly adult females, kids and weaker constituents of the society. The RCH programme covers the generative demands of adult females and work forces at all phases of life. The generative and child wellness programme of India is based on the basic constituents such as Child wellness ( child endurance and kid development ) and safe maternity ( including safe direction of unwanted gestation and abortion ) , Adolescent wellness ( gender development, adolescence instruction and vocational constituent ) , effectual household planning ( Ensuring Informed pick, Counseling, gender equality and greater male engagement ) , Prevention, sensing and direction of Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/ AIDS and malignant neoplastic disease of the generative system, Reproductive wellness attention of aged people. The chief focal point of the RCH programme is to cut down Maternal and Infant mortality and Entire Fertility Rate. The programme is operated all over the state through primary, secondary and third populace health care system. Decentralized attack is the cardinal constituent of this programme.1.1.2 Use of RCH services-Use of health care services can be assessed by patient ‘s every bit good as wellness professional ‘s position. The patient ‘s position can be subjective based on the services reported by the patient or the quality of services felt by the patient, or objective based on the services offered by the health care installation to the patient. The wellness professional may see towards the use of services by economic facet such as the figure of patients, figure of visits etc.3 The use of RCH services can be assessed by the use of all its constituents. Maternal Mortality and morbidity, Infant mortality and kid mortality, and entire birthrate rate are the basic indexs of handiness, use and effectivity of MCH services. Status of these indexs reflects the position of health care services in the country.5 Assorted factors are responsible for the use of RCH services, for illustration, degrees of instruction, socio-economic position, environmental factors such as entree to the wellness Centre, healthcare substructure etc. Study of use of these services, hence requires consideration of all these determiners of the health care utilization.41.2 Global scenario-The Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) set up by WHO for MMR is 109, for IMR is 28 and for Under-5 mortality rate is 42 by the terminal of twelvemonth 2015. High difference in these indexs in developed and developing states shows the difference in handiness and use of RCH services in developed and developing countries.6 1.2.1 MCH in developed countries- In developed states such as cardinal and western Europe, Australia etc, the use of preventative services is really high among females than males. The surveies done in early 1970ss have helped the developed states to better the wellness service use. The of import factors indentified were mean cost per visit, wellness insurance coverage, age, instruction etc. This resulted in lower maternal mortality rates, e.g. 5 in Sweden ; 3 in Denmark, Norway and Israel ( Population Action International, 1995 ) . In United States it is found that black adult females make well less usage of wellness services than white opposite numbers, due to socio-cultural factors. The addition in migratory population and their certain constructs lead to non-utilization of services in Sweden.7,8 The World Health Organization has identified Cuba as an illustration of â€Å" good wellness at low cost † achieved through policies that address the determiners of wellness and are based on just entree, catholicity and governmental control. They have focused on three major initiatives-1 ) primary attention through polyclinics, 2 ) comprehensive attack at the community degree and 3 ) feedback from community.9 1.2.2. MCH in developing countries- In recent old ages, developing states are influenced by findings in developed states, for measuring the quality of their wellness attention. Results have received particular accent as a step of quality. Measuring results is utile as an index of the effectivity of different intercessions and as portion of a monitoring system directed to bettering quality of attention every bit good as observing its impairment. In Indonesia usage of an unskilled birth attender and giving birth at place are most common among the poorest and least educated adult females. The kids of these adult females have the highest hazard of infant mortality. The infant mortality rate differs greatly by part of entree to wellness services. In Ethiopia, socio demographic features of adult females, cultural context, handiness, consumer satisfaction influenced wellness service use.1.3 Local scenario-The national rural wellness mission 2005 set up certain ends to better the wellness service use by people shacking in rural countries, adult females, kids and the hapless in India. The mark for MMR is 100, IMR 30 and TFR 2.1 by the terminal of 2012.10 The present Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 212. Infant mortality rate has declined to 49, while Under-5 mortality rate is still 64. Entire birthrate rate of the state is 2.6, which is higher in rural country i.e. 2.9 as compared to urban country which is 2.0.11 Harmonizing to NFHS-3 information, merely 44 percent adult females use the prenatal attention in the first trimester of gestation, and merely 52 percent adult females give 3-4 visits to wellness Centre enemy ANC services during the entire gestation period. Merely 47 percent births are attended by wellness forces including physician, ANM, nurse, accoucheuse or lady wellness visitant. Merely 37 percent adult females receive post-natal attention within two yearss of bringing which is supposed to be a critical period. Use of these services is different in rural and urban country. Though coverage of ICDS is high in the state, merely 28percent kids receive the services provided through ICDS. Merely 44 per centum kids are to the full vaccinated while 5 per centum kids are non given any inoculation. Percentage of kids which are taken to healthcare Centre for the Acute Respiratory Infections ( ARI ) , fever and diarrhea scopes from 60-69 in different provinces of the state. Most common ground for non utilizing public wellness installations is hapless quality of service, followed by non-availability of the health care installation nearby.12 The use of RCH services differs in different provinces of India. Nature and extent of the relationship between maternal instruction and use of MCH services differ between the North and South of India and that this difference is mostly determined by the north-south derived functions in the general socio-economic and cultural environment in which adult females live.1.4 Rationale of the study-The Maternal, baby and under-5 kids mortality rates have shown important diminution from the beginning of 2nd stage of RCH programme, which reflect the positive alteration in handiness and use of RCH services. But as compared to the MDG ends every bit good as NRHM ends for these indexs, there is farther demand to work on the betterment of use of these services. Kolhapur is the southernmost territory in Maharashtra province. It is divided in 12 talukas and five sub-divisions for administrative intents. The entire population of the territory is 35,23,165 out of which around 24,72,809 population resides in rural area.13 The organisation of RCH programme in Kolhapur territory consists of a District Hospital, two sub-district infirmaries, 18 rural infirmaries ( RH ) , 73 Primary wellness Centres ( PHCs ) and 413 sub-centres.14 Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory covers 4 rural infirmaries, 13 PHCs and 52 sub-centres. The use of RCH services in the wellness Centres based in Radhanagari sub-division is low, while there is overburden on the territory infirmary for these services. Therefore, on recommendations of Sub-divisional Office, Radhanagari and sing all the factors impacting the use of RCH services, the survey is planned to analyse the use form of RCH services, grounds for non-utilization of these services at different degrees i.e. RH and PHC and besides to propose the possible steps to better the use of services in the Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory, Maharashtra.1.5 Aims of the study-To find the use of RCH services in Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory. To happen out the grounds for utilization/non-utilization of these services.

Communicate in a business environment Essay

3.1 Describe ways of verbally presenting information and ideas clearly 3.2 Explain ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward 3.3 Describe methods of active listening 3.4 Explain the purpose of summarising verbal communications 4.1 Describe ways of getting feedback on communications 4.2 Explain the purpose of using feedback to develop communication skills Describe ways of verbally presenting information and ideas clearly to present any information or ideas I need clearly I often use simple language and short sentences this makes it easier for everybody to understand. Also I present the information is a variety of ways as some people understand things and concepts in different ways. For example; some people understand by hearing or seeing. Before I present any information or ideas I always plan out what I want to say, I often also take out any information that is not necessary. I also use active and personal language like ‘’you’ and ‘we’’. Explain ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward To make conversation move forward, I often learn to listen to people and give importance for everybody’s ideas. This way I can make positive contributions that can lead to further discussion. I also often do not make a contribution to a subject who isn’t positive or may not affect me or my work. Describe methods of active listening In order to perform within LSG and to develop my skills listening is one the most important skills I should obtain. As it will portray the quality of my relationship with my team and clients. Listening is important as I need to often obtain information from others to learn new things. Methods of active listening include: Listening calmly without interrupting, so that I let the other person speak and show them that I care and respect them Asking others to repeat if I do not understand anything, in order to avoid mistakes Taking notes of important points, so that I do not forget or miss out on any important points Confirming what I have understood, so that there is no misunderstanding of information Explain the purpose of summarising verbal communications The purpose of summarising verbal communication is to identify major points, behaviours, thoughts and feelings that have been discussed. I then often collate all the information I have collected. By doing this is helps to have a clear precise outline of all communications. Describe ways of getting feedback on communications I believe that feedback completes the entire process of communication. Feedback helps us to decide if the communication was effects and useful. I often get feedback from my line manager Scott or I often get it from clients on the phone. If any feedback given is to improve on anything I often make note of the feedback and make a working progress for myself to include the suggestion in my work. Explain the purpose of using feedback to develop communication skills I use feedback for improve my work performance. It helps improve my work ethnic, team work and quality of my work. To help develop communication skills the feedback has to be received and acted upon. Once I have acted upon feedback I always let my line manager Scott know so that he can see I am willing to learn and enthusiastic and this may encourage people to offer me feedback in the future.

Banquet Functions Essay Example

Banquet Functions Essay Example Banquet Functions Essay Banquet Functions Essay There was a great deal of planning and because it was for a dinner and dance, planning was essential. In this respect, the cost of the dinner and dance was justifiable to meet financial objectives. The dinner and dance showed a well planned table arrangement which creates space between tables and makes the banquet room look spacious after 100 people have been seated. The details of the dinner and dance were emphasized by the decor and atmosphere of the place, creating an ambience of sophistication and giving a touch of exquisite class. ESSENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BANQUET MANAGER. 1. Review all written communication, i. e. , resumes, daily/weekly, Banquet Event Orders to determine appropriate staffing levels, room/station assignments, buffet decor and enhancements as they relate to banquets and meeting room set-ups. 2. Communicate all changes within the Banquet Department and make adjustments according to the above items. 3. Communicate information to the kitchen and other supportiv e departments prior to and during events. 4. Maintain a strong client relationship and ensuring that all convention Specifications are communicated to and executed by all hotel operating departments making for a successful meeting experience for the meeting planner and attendees. 5. Maintain constant communication with the Convention Service/Catering Sales Manager as it applies to the client at hand. 6. Responsible for the appropriate and timely set up of all functions and meetings while maintaining standards of food, beverage and meeting specifications. 7. Communicate all daily activities, in person or by log, to the other banquet personnel (set up) to ensure smooth transition and follow-up from one function to another. 8. Develop and maintain all policies, procedures and quality standards within the department, utilizing a continuous improvement approach to ensure a high quality, cost effective and customer focused operation. 9. Develop and implement a training plan to ensure a high quality presentation and level of customer service within the banquet service/function/set up service staffs. 0. Manage, in conjunction with the Restaurant Manager, the inventory, control and breakage/loss. 11. Give daily support and guidance to fellow banquet personnel as well as monitor job performance to ensure a successful meeting/banquet experience by our guests. 12. Conduct all staff performance appraisals. 13. Maintain a high level of service by constantly training and coaching all direct reports and staff. 14. Inspect and oversee the cleanliness an d maintenance of all function space, public areas, and service areas on all banquet levels. 5. Coordinate with Housekeeping and Engineering to ensure the highest level of product delivery. Duties and responsibilities vary from one position to another but, in general, banquet managers: 1. Discuss requirements with customers and take detailed notes about banquet requirements. . 2. Develop banquet menus in consultation with caterers, chefs or cooks prepare budgets. 3. Determine requirements for serving staff and supplies. 4. Supervise everything from the set up prior to the function to the clean up afterward. 5. Develop work schedules and supervise food services during the function. n 6. Maintain proper liquor controls and monitor alcohol service. 7. Ensure that equipment is properly cleaned and maintained. 8. Follow up with clients after functions and deal with customer complaints Hire, train and supervise staff to ensure that service standards are met. 9. In smaller organizations, banquet managers may assist staff with functions such as setting up the room. Category of ExpensesCost for each individual / ItemsTotal Cost Salary of staff members : Waiters $ 5 per hr for 7 ? hrs = $37. 50$ 300 2 Chefs 2 Asst chefs$ 15 per hr for 7 ? hrs = $112. 50 $ 10 per hr for 7 ? hrs = $75$ 375 2 Receptionist$ 5 per hr for 7 hrs = $ 35$ 70 1 Security Guard$ 4 per hr for 8 hrs = $ 32 $ 32 1 MC / DJ$ 150$ 150 1 Photographer$ 5 per hr for 7 hrs = $ 35$ 35 1 Videographer$ 5 per hr for 7 hrs = $ 35$ 35 3 Cleaners$ 2. 50 per hr for 9 hrs = $ 22. 50$ 67. 50 2 Dishwashers$ 3 per hr for 5 ? hrs = $ 16. 50$ 49. 50 3 Movers$ 15 for 2 hrs$ 45 Crowd controllers$ 4 per hr for 7 hrs = $ 28$ 56 Sub Total : $1215 Category of ExpensesCost of ItemsTotal Cost Food and beverage : Finger food$ 100$ 100 Main course$ 300 $ 300 Drinks $ 120$ 120 Deserts $ 70$ 70 Cost of equipments : Rent of tables / chairs and buffet tables$ 70$ 70 Rent of music system / microphones / speakers / lighting / smoke machine$ 150$ 150 Miscellaneous items : Decor, napkins, table skirting, disposable cutlery, cost of transportation, equipments for games etc $200$200

Women and Associations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and Associations - Essay Example Women and associations are all about the information of the US women revolving around their history and their successes based on their lifestyles, ethnic groups, religions and where they come from. The factors that motivated women to start NACWC were to ensure that, the Africa American-based women’s welfare was well taken care of in their societies. They also aimed at protecting their civil rights when it came to matters that concerned registration and voting and they wanted to address the issues that faced military and schools in their communities. The impact of this group led to many benefits in the American societies; where they developed destinations for children, who were helpless, settled and ensured that girls were occupied with jobs and developed schools to promote education. On the other hand, the National Women’s Party NWP, was an organization whose members were women and was founded in 1915. The association fought for the women’s rights in America around the 20th century specifically the rights that would enable them to be equal to the way men were treated. When contrasted to organizations like the National Association of Colored women, which concentrated on the lobbying specific states, NWP dealt with matters that concerned the constitution amendment that fought for women’s right to vote and get places in offices. NWP also fought for the equal rights to be incorporated in the constitution where they campaigned for their conservative of their cultures and their jobs (DuBois, 2008).

What is the role of the consumer in our culture Essay

What is the role of the consumer in our culture - Essay Example There are times that an individual can go to purchase a certain commodity and probably finds the attendant with very poor moods. In such conditions, the attendant may talk in a wanting manner and at times fail to satisfy the customer. There are times however that an individual may find the attendant in appropriate moods. These are the times that they may even get a bonus or rather receive a special type of treatment from the attendant. This information shows that there does not exist any particular way through which one can identify the treatment accorded to them as a customer since it is unpredictable. The customer has minimal power over the production process of the commodity or the media’s involvement with the product. The media is whole other setting and many times, people say that the media is independent. This in itself alone as a sentence enables an individual to understand that the consumer has no control over the media’s involvement with a certain product. The customer however has an extended involvement in the production of a commodity. The reason is that at times, a group of consumers may have some negative reaction towards a certain commodity and this may make them submit their grievances to the production team (Ewen & Ewen). It is after this that the manager may pass the information to the relevant quality control teams to make amends. It is also vital to grasp and comprehend that the ordinary consumer does not have any control over the ideas that the media may have on a certain product. There are times that a consumer may use a product and have a negative view about it. After this, the consumer may find the media advertising the commodity and giving it fake praises. This normally angers the consumer but the reality is they cannot do anything concerning this. It is the right of the product owner to

Theory and Practice Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theory and Practice Paper - Essay Example However, the primary function of the United States Department of Education is to formulate federal funding programs involving education and to enforce federal educational laws involved with privacy and civil rights. The quality of educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an informal private process known as accreditation which the Department of Education has no direct public jurisdictional control over. However, there are reading intervention programs that have been developed to help struggling readers to improve reading in kindergarten and first grade students. This paper will discuss three early reading intervention programs that are designed to prevent early reading problem from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. These programs have been applied in first and second grade and have proved very effective. The early reading intervention to be discussed is The Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention Program. The paper w ill also show the current assessment practice of the early intervention program in Ocean View School District in California. Early reading intervention programs refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent early reading problem from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. These programs have been applied in first and second grade and have proved very effective. The early reading intervention to be discussed is The Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention Program. The paper will also show the current assessment practice of the early intervention program in Ocean View School District in California. Early Reading Intervention Early reading intervention programs refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent early reading problem from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. (Pikulski, 1997) To improve reading in kindergarten and first grade students, a number of early reading intervention reading programs have been invented. The programs are used in within the regular classroom to help the struggling readers and the classroom teachers carry out the program with the help of instructional aides or older students. They help struggling readers succeed in school and make good progress in reading especially in grade 2 through 4. In Scott Foresman Early Reading intervention, the program was designed to provide kindergarten and first grade children with an intervention to improve their reading. A teacher is supposed to deliver daily lesson of 30 minutes to small groups of 2-5 students. The intervention is comprised of 126 lessons distributed across 30 weeks of instruction. The Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention Program is organized in a carefully planned sequence of skills; the explicit instruction and systematic review are intended to ensure student success. The teachers' guide provides a detailed lesson plans that are easy to follow and the instructional materials are well organized. The lesson takes 30-minute that consist of seven activities, with each activity designed to last only three to five minutes. In the first 15 minutes of the lesson, the emphasis is on the phonological awareness and alphabetic understanding while the next 15 minutes focuses on writing and spelling. To help teacher pace instructions, each activity is labeled with the amount of time it should last. For the sake of the students who do not grasp anything, the lesson provides immediate re-teaching strategy. It is recommended that a formal screening assessment, such as Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS), during the fourth to sixth week of the school year should be administered in the Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention program. A comprehensive assessment plan is an important part of this intervention program. The intervention prog